Diabetes Mellitus, DM)당뇨병(糖尿病] Glycemic index 혈당지수와 식품
페이지 정보
본문
Diabetes Mellitus, DM)당뇨병(糖尿病] Glycemic index 혈당지수와 식품
------------------------------------------------------
With diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it as well as it should. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar (glucose) and releases it into your bloodstream.Apr 24, 2023
---------------------------------------
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas in the body that controls the glucose level in the blood. Insulin promotes the absorption of sugar from the blood. The sugar is stored as fat
-----------------------------------------
What is diabetes? | CDC
[하기 웹사이트는 카피ㅏ여 인터넷에서 보십시요]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes
https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%8B%B9%EB%87%A8%EB%B3%91
https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%90%EB%A6%B0
Tip. 혈당지수와 식품Glycemic index
혈당지수란 식품을 섭취했을 때 혈당이 얼마나 빨리 많이 올라가는지를 나타내는 수치인데요, 탄수화물의 소화 흡수 정도 및 인슐린 반응과 관련이 있는 만큼 당뇨병이 있다면 혈당지수가 높은 식품은 피하는 것이 좋습니다.
The glycemic index is a system of assigning a number to carbohydrate-containing foods according to how much each food increases blood sugar. The glycemic index itself is not a diet plan but one of various tools — such as calorie counting or carbohydrate counting — for guiding food choices.
혈당지수가 높은 식품 혈당지수가 보통인 식품 혈당지수가 낮은 식품
바게트(93)
쌀밥(92)
도넛(86)
떡(85)
감자(85)
우동(85)
찹쌀(80)
옥수수(75)
라면(73)
팝콘(72) 카스테라(69)
보리밥(66)
파인애플(66)
파스타(65)
호밀빵(64)
아이스크림(63)
치즈피자(60)
패스츄리(59)
머핀(59)
고구마(55) 바나나(52)
포도(46)
양배추(26)
땅콩(14)
사과(36)
귤(33)
토마토(30)
버섯(30)
우유(25)
미역(16)
당뇨병 테스트https://goldsaju.net/dang
All About Your A1C - CDC
A normal A1C level is below 5.7%, a level of 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and a level of 6.5% or more indicates diabetes. Within the 5.7% to 6.4% prediabetes range, the higher your A1C, the greater your risk is for developing type 2 diabetes.Aug 21, 2018
A1C test - Mayo Clinic
An A1C level above 8 percent means that your diabetes is not well-controlled and you have a higher risk of developing complications of diabetes. For most adults who have diabetes, an A1C level of 7 percent or less is a common treatment target. Lower or higher targets may be appropriate for some individuals.Dec 18, 2018
평생 관리가 필요한 당뇨병, 당뇨에 좋은 음식과 의외로 나쁜 음식 5가지 라이나생명
1. 균형 있는 식사와 코스요리처럼 식사하자.
탄수화물, 단백질, 지방, 섬유질 등 균형 있는 식사하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 같은 식단이라도 먹는 순서에 따라 혈당의 차이가 발생합니다. 그릿摸 어떤 순서로 식사하는 것이 가장 좋을까요?
단백질, 지방 -> 섬유질 -> 탄수화물
탄수화물을 가장 나중에 먹고, 단백질과 지방을 가장 먼저 먹는 것이 식후 혈당이 제일 적게 올라갑니다. 단백질과 지방이 탄수화물의 흡수를 지연시켜 췌장의 인슐린 분비를 자극해서 혈당을 조절 할 수 있기 때문입니다. 단백질과 지방을 먼저 먹고, 채소에 많은 섬유질을 그 다음에 먹고, 마지막으로 탄수화물을 먹는 것이 좋습니다. 꼭 한식의 코스요리처럼 식사하며, 천천히 먹는 것도 도움이 됩니다.
2. 비만이라면 저지방식의 식사를 하세요!
당뇨병의 주요 원인 중 하나가 바로 비만입니다. 비만이라면 체중을 5~7% 정도 줄이는 것이 발병을 늦추거나 예방할 수 있습니다. 체중을 줄이기 위해 열량을 적게 섭취하는 저지방식으로 식단을 구성하고, 혈당을 낮추는 음식을 섭취합니다. 혈당을 낮추면서 당뇨에 도움이 되는 음식은 현미, 메밀 등 통곡물과 지방함량이 낮은 시금치 같은 녹색 채소와 달걀, 생선 등 단백질이 도움이 됩니다.
3. 식사를 거르지 마세요.
아침, 점심, 저녁, 하루 세 끼를 먹는 것이 좋습니다. 다이어트나 1인 1식 등의 열풍이 불었었는데요. 당뇨병이 있다면 한 끼나 두 끼를 먹는 것보다 세 끼를 먹는 것이 혈당의 진폭을 줄이는 데 효과가 있습니다. 특히 아침을 거르는 것은 혈당 조절에 큰 영향을 줍니다. 자고 일어난 후 공복 시간이 긴 만큼 아침에 식사를 신경 써야 하는 것입니다. 또한, 아침에 인슐린이 가장 효과적인 힘을 발휘해 혈당조절이 잘 되므로 간단하게라도 아침을 꼭 드세요. 꼭 세 끼를 먹기 힘들다면 저녁을 건너뛰는 것이 좋습니다.
<당뇨에 좋은 음식 vs 나쁜 음식>
식습관에 큰 영향을 받는 당뇨병은 당뇨에 좋은 음식과 나쁜 음식을 구별해 섭취하는 것이 가장 기본적으로 지켜야 하는 것입니다.
1. 당뇨에 좋은 음식
1) 현미, 귀리, 퀴노아 등 통곡물
탄수화물은 우리 몸에 필요한 영양소인데요, 우리가 흔히 먹는 도정된 흰쌀보다는 현미, 귀리, 퀴노아, 수수, 메밀과 같은 곡물을 통곡물 형태로 섭취하는 것이 가장 효과적입니다.
2) 시금치
식이섬유가 풍부하고, 섬유질이 많은 채소는 지방, 나트륨의 함량이 낮아 당뇨병에 도움이 됩니다. 특히 시금치는 마그네슘이 풍부해 코티졸 호르몬 수치를 조절해줍니다. 코티졸 호르몬은 스트레스를 줄여주고, 안정감을 주며 췌장의 인슐린 분비를 조절해 당뇨에 도움이 되는 특급 식품으로 꼽힙니다.
3) 토마토 & 베리류
토마토는 다른 과일과 달리 당분과 열량이 낮고, 혈당을 조절해줍니다. 빨간색, 보라색을 띠는 베리류의 과일도 안토시아닌류와 인슐린 민감성을 높이는 성분이 있어 도움이 됩니다.
4) 양파
양파의 APDS 성분은 혈당을 내려주는데요, 인슐린과 함께 간에서 포도당을 저하해 인슐린의 수명을 늘려주는 역할을 합니다.
5) 견과류
견과류는 단백질, 불포화지방과 비타민 등의 영양소가 풍부해 심장병, 당뇨병에 효과적인 식품입니다. 하루에 한 주먹 정도, 다른 군것질 대신 섭취하는 것이 도움이 됩니다.
2, 당뇨에 의외로 나쁜 음식
1) 감자, 옥수수
식물성 식품인 감자, 옥수수는 탄수화물이 높아 먹는 양을 조절해야 합니다. 또한, 감자는 혈당지수가 떡과 빵보다 높습니다.
2) 호박
호박의 혈당지수는 65 정도로 보통 수준이지만, 조리해서 먹으면 95까지 높아져 의외로 당뇨에 나쁘다고 할 수 있습니다.
3) 피클, 장아찌
채소를 재료로 요리할 때 소금, 버터, 설탕 등의 조미료를 최소화해야 하는데요, 아무리 몸에 좋은 채소도 조미료를 사용하면 당뇨병에 해롭습니다. 특히 피클이나 장아찌처럼 간장이나 소금 등에 절인 음식은 가급적 피하는 것이 좋습니다.
4) 떡
밀가루 음식은 당뇨에 나쁘고, 쌀로 만든 음식은 당뇨에 좋은 음식이라고 생각하는 경우가 많은데요, 쌀로 만들어진 떡도 정제된 흰쌀에 설탕을 첨가해서 만들어 주의하면서 섭취해야 합니다.
5) 말린 과일
말린 과일은 수분이 적고, 당분이 높아 혈당을 상승시킵니다. 또한, 설탕을 첨가해서 만드는 경우가 많아서 당뇨 환자들은 특히 섭취를 자제해야 합니다.
Tip. 혈당지수와 식품
혈당지수란 식품을 섭취했을 때 혈당이 얼마나 빨리 많이 올라가는지를 나타내는 수치인데요, 탄수화물의 소화 흡수 정도 및 인슐린 반응과 관련이 있는 만큼 당뇨병이 있다면 혈당지수가 높은 식품은 피하는 것이 좋습니다.
혈당지수가 높은 식품 혈당지수가 보통인 식품 혈당지수가 낮은 식품
바게트(93)
쌀밥(92)
도넛(86)
떡(85)
감자(85)
우동(85)
찹쌀(80)
옥수수(75)
라면(73)
팝콘(72) 카스테라(69)
보리밥(66)
파인애플(66)
파스타(65)
호밀빵(64)
아이스크림(63)
치즈피자(60)
패스츄리(59)
머핀(59)
고구마(55) 바나나(52)
포도(46)
양배추(26)
땅콩(14)
사과(36)
귤(33)
토마토(30)
버섯(30)
우유(25)
미역(16)
오늘은 당뇨병을 완화하는 식습관 방법에 대해 알아보았습니다. 특히 감자나 옥수수 등의 채소는 건강에 좋다는 생각에 간식으로 자주 드시기도 하는데요, 의외로 혈당지수가 높아 당뇨병 환자에게는 나쁜 영향을 미친다는 것 꼭 기억하시고 자제하길 권합니다. 식습관을 개선해서 당뇨병을 완치할 순 없어도 완화하길 바랍니다. 이상 당신 편에서 라이나생명이었습니다.
------------------------------------------------
당뇨병(糖尿病, diabetes mellitus, DM, diabetes)은 높은 혈당 수치가 오랜 기간 지속되는 대사 질환군을 말한다. 혈당이 높을 때의 증상으로는 소변이 잦아지고, 갈증과 배고픔이 심해진다. 이를 치료하지 않으면 다른 합병증을 유발할 수 있다.
위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
급성의 합병증으로는 당뇨병케톤산증, 고혈당성 고삼투성 비케톤성 혼수 등이 포함된다[2] 심각한 장기간 합병증으로는 심혈관질환, 뇌졸중, 만성신부전, 당뇨병성 궤양, 당뇨망막병 등이 포함된다.[3]
당뇨병은 췌장이 충분한 인슐린을 만들어 내지 못하거나 몸의 세포가 만들어진 인슐린에 적절하게 반응하지 못하는 것이 원인이 된다.[4]
인슐린 작용의 부족 등에 의한 만성 고혈당증은 여러 특징적인 대사 이상을 수반한다. 인슐린은 주로 탄수화물 대사에 관여하므로, 당뇨병은 탄수화물 대사의 이상이 기본적인 문제이나, 이로 인해 체내의 모든 영양소 대사가 영향을 받게 되므로, 또한 총체적인 대사상의 질병이라고 할 수 있다. 당뇨병은 현대에서 가장 중요한 만성 질병으로 꼽히며 특히 선진국일수록 발생 빈도가 높다.
당뇨병은 통상 다음의 세 가지로 나뉜다.
• 제1형 당뇨병은 충분한 인슐린을 만들어내지 못하는 것에 기인한다. '인슐린의존당뇨병' 또는 '연소성 당뇨병'이라고도 한다. 원인은 밝혀지지 않았다.[2]
• 제2형 당뇨병은 세포가 인슐린에 적절하게 반응하지 못하는 인슐린저항으로 시작된다.[2] 병이 진행되면서 인슐린 부족이 발생할 수도 있다.[10] '인슐린-비의존 당뇨병' 또는 '성인 당뇨병'이라고도 한다. 체중 과다와 충분하지 못한 운동으로 주로 발병한다.[2]
• 임신당뇨병은 세 번째 유형이며, 당뇨병의 병력이 없는 임신한 여성에 고혈당으로 발전하는 경우에 발병한다.[2]
인슐린(영어: insulin, 영어로 island란 의미를 갖는 라틴어 insula에서 유래됨)은 포도당을 글리코겐으로 변환시켜 우리 몸의 물질대사 체계에 중요한 역할을 하는 호르몬 중 하나이다 위키백과.
. 이자의 랑게르한스섬 베타 세포에서 분비되며, 혈액 속의 포도당 수치인 혈당량을 일정하게 유지시키는 역할을 한다. 혈당량이 일정 이상으로 높아지면 인슐린이 분비되며, 혈액내의 포도당을 세포 내로 유입해 다시 다당류(글리코겐)의 형태로 저장하는 작용을 촉진시킨다. 이러한 인슐린의 분비에 이상이 있는 사람의 경우에는 당뇨병에 걸린다.
또한 인슐린은 생화학 역사에 있어서 매우 중요한 분자이기도 하다. 맨 처음 1차 구조식이 발견된 단백질이다. 1921년, 캐나다 토론토 대학의 프레더릭 밴팅과 찰스 베스트 박사에 의하여 최초로 이자에서 채취하여 인슐린의 결정을 얻어냈다. 그 후 1955년, 프레더릭 생어 박사가 처음으로 생거법을 사용하여 소의 인슐린 구조를 밝혀내었다. 소의 인슐린의 경우, 21개의 아미노산을 가진 A사슬과, 30개의 아미노산을 가진 B사슬이 두 개의 이황화결합으로 연결되어 있다. 다른 포유류 동물들의 인슐린도 매우 유사한 단백질 1차, 2차 구조를 지니고 있다.
인슐린이 혈당량을 낮추는 작용은 2가지로 이루어진다. 먼저, 간세포에서 포도당을 글리코겐으로 저장시키는 작용이 있다. 그리고 혈액 내의 포도당을 세포 내로 이동시켜 포도당의 산화를 촉진시키는 작용이 있다.
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it does make.
TYPE of diabetes:
• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.
• Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.
• Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal, but it’s not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
• Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes.
A rare condition called diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, although it has a similar name. It’s a different condition in which your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body.
Each type of diabetes has unique symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Understanding Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic medical condition in which sugar, or glucose, levels build up in your bloodstream. The hormone insulin helps move the glucose from your blood into your cells, where it’s used for energy.
In type 2 diabetes, your body’s cells aren’t able to respond to insulin as well as they should. In later stages of the disease, your body may also not produce enough insulin.
Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes can lead to chronically high blood glucose levels, causing several symptoms and potentially leading to serious complications.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, your body isn’t able to effectively use insulin to bring glucose into your cells. This causes your body to rely on alternative energy sources in your tissues, muscles, and organs. This is a chain reaction that can cause a variety of symptoms.
Type 2 diabetes can develop slowly. The symptoms may be mild and easy to dismiss at first. The early symptoms may include:
• constant hunger
• a lack of energy
• fatigue
• weight loss
• excessive thirst
• frequent urination
• dry mouth
• itchy skin
• blurry vision
As the disease progresses, the symptoms become more severe and potentially dangerous.
If your blood glucose levels have been high for a long time, the symptoms can include:
• yeast infections
• slow-healing cuts or sores
• dark patches on your skin, a condition known as acanthosis nigricans
• foot pain
• feelings of numbness in your extremities, or neuropathy
If you have two or more of these symptoms, you should see your doctor. Without treatment, diabetes can become life-threatening. Discover other symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Causes of type 2 diabetes
Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone. Your pancreas produces it and releases it when you eat. Insulin helps transport glucose from your bloodstream to cells throughout your body, where it’s used for energy.
If you have type 2 diabetes, your body becomes resistant to insulin. Your body is no longer using the hormone efficiently. This forces your pancreas to work harder to make more insulin.
Over time, this can damage cells in your pancreas. Eventually, your pancreas may not be able to produce any insulin.
If you don’t produce enough insulin or if your body doesn’t use it efficiently, glucose builds up in your bloodstream. This leaves your body’s cells starved for energy. Doctors don’t know exactly what triggers this series of events.
It may have to do with cell dysfunction in the pancreas or with cell signaling and regulation. In some people, the liver produces too much glucose. There may be a genetic predisposition to developing type 2 diabetes.
There’s definitely a genetic predisposition to obesity, which increases the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. There could also be an environmental trigger.
Most likely, it’s a combination of factors that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Find out more about the causes of diabetes.
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
You can effectively manage type 2 diabetes. Your doctor will tell you how often you should check your blood glucose levels. The goal is to stay within a specific range.
Follow these tips to manage type 2 diabetes:
• Include foods rich in fiber and healthy carbohydrates in your diet. Eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will help keep your blood glucose levels steady.
• Eat at regular intervals
• Only eat until you’re full.
• Control your weight and keep your heart healthy. That means keeping refined carbohydrates, sweets, and animal fats to a minimum.
• Get about half an hour of aerobic activity daily to help keep your heart healthy. Exercise helps to control blood glucose, too.
Your doctor will explain how to recognize the early symptoms of blood sugar that’s too high or too low and what to do in each situation. They’ll also help you learn which foods are healthy and which foods aren’t.
Not everyone with type 2 diabetes needs to use insulin. If you do, it’s because your pancreas isn’t making enough insulin on its own. It’s crucial that you take insulin as directed. There are other prescription medications that may help as well.
Medications for type 2 diabetes
In some cases, lifestyle changes are enough to keep type 2 diabetes under control. If not, there are several medications that may help. Some of these medications are:
• metformin, which can lower your blood glucose levels and improve how your body responds to insulin — it’s the preferred treatment for most people with type 2 diabetes
• sulfonylureas, which are oral medications that help your body make more insulin
• meglitinides, which are fast-acting, short-duration medications that stimulate your pancreas to release more insulin
• thiazolidinediones, which make your body more sensitive to insulin
• dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which are milder medications that help reduce blood glucose levels
• glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which slow digestion and improve blood glucose levels
• sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which help prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose into the blood and sending it out in your urine
Each of these medications can cause side effects. It may take some time to find the best medication or combination of medications to treat your diabetes.
If your blood pressure or cholesterol levels are a problem, you may need medications to address those needs as well.
If your body can’t make enough insulin, you may need insulin therapy. You may only need a long-acting injection you can take at night, or you may need to take insulin several times per day. Learn about other medications that can help you manage diabetes.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
Diet is an important tool to keep your heart healthy and blood glucose levels within a safe and healthy range. It doesn’t have to be complicated or unpleasant.
The diet recommended for people with type 2 diabetes is the same diet just about everyone should follow. It boils down to a few key actions:
• Eat meals and snacks on schedule.
• Choose a variety of foods that are high in nutrients and low in empty calories.
• Be careful not to overeat.
• Read food labels closely.
Foods and beverages to avoid
There are certain foods and beverages that you should limit or avoid entirely. These include:
• foods heavy in saturated or trans fats
• organ meats, such as beef or liver
• processed meats
• shellfish
• margarine and shortening
• baked goods such as white bread, bagels
• processed snacks
• sugary drinks, including fruit juices
• high-fat dairy products
• pasta or white rice
Skipping salty foods and fried foods is also recommended. Check out this list of other foods and drinks to steer clear of if you have diabetes.
Foods to choose
Healthy carbohydrates can provide you with fiber. The options include:
• whole fruits
• non-starchy vegetables
• legumes, such as beans
• whole grains such as oats or quinoa
• sweet potatoes
Foods with heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids include:
• tuna
• sardines
• salmon
• mackerel
• halibut
• cod
• flax seeds
You can get healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats from a number of foods, including:
• oils, such as olive oil, canola oil, and peanut oil
• nuts, such as almonds, pecans, and walnuts
• avocados
Although these options for healthy fats are good for you, they’re also high in calories. Moderation is key. Opting for low-fat dairy products will also keep your fat intake under control. Discover more diabetes-friendly foods, from cinnamon to shirataki noodles.
The bottom line
Talk to your doctor about your personal nutrition and calorie goals. Together, you can come up with a diet plan that tastes great and suits your lifestyle needs. Explore carb counting and the Mediterranean diet, along with other approaches, here.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
We may not understand the exact causes of type 2 diabetes, but we do know that certain factors can put you at increased risk.
Certain factors are out of your control:
• Your risk is greater if you have a brother, sister, or parent who has type 2 diabetes.
• You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, but your risk increases as you get older. Your risk is particularly high once you reach 45 years old.
• African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, Asian-Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans (American Indians and Alaska Natives) are at higher risk than Caucasians.
• Women who have a condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk.
You may be able to change these factors:
• Being overweight means that you have more fatty tissue, which makes your cells more resistant to insulin. Extra fat in the abdomen increases your risk more than extra fat in the hips and thighs.
• Your risk increases if you have a sedentary lifestyle. Regular exercise uses up glucose and helps your cells respond better to insulin.
• Eating a lot of junk foods or eating too much wreaks havoc on your blood glucose levels.
You’re also at increased risk if you’ve had gestational diabetes or prediabetes, two conditions caused by elevated glucose levels. Learn more about the factors that can increase your risk for diabetes.
Receiving a type 2 diabetes diagnosis
Whether or not you have prediabetes, you should see your doctor right away if you have the symptoms of diabetes. Your doctor can get a lot of information from blood work. Diagnostic testing may include the following:
• Hemoglobin A1C test. This test measures average blood glucose levels for the previous two or three months. You don’t need to fast for this test, and your doctor can diagnose you based on the results. It’s also called a glycosylated hemoglobin test.
• Fasting plasma glucose test. This test measures how much glucose is in your plasma. You may need to fast for eight hours before having it.
• Oral glucose tolerance test. During this test, your blood is drawn three times: before, one hour after, and two hours after you drink a dose of glucose. The test results show how well your body deals with glucose before and after the drink.
If you have diabetes, your doctor will provide you with information about how to manage the disease, including:
• how to monitor blood glucose levels on your own
• dietary recommendations
• physical activity recommendations
• information about any medications that you need
Early diagnosis is key to proper diabetes management. Find out more about how type 2 diabetes is diagnosed.
Tips for how to prevent type 2 diabetes
You can’t always prevent type 2 diabetes. There’s nothing you can do about your genetics, ethnicity, or age.
However, a few lifestyle tweaks can help delay or even prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes, whether or not you have diabetes risk factors such as prediabetes.
Diet
Your diet should limit sugar and refined carbohydrates and replace them with low glycemic whole grains, carbohydrates, and fiber. Lean meat, poultry, or fish provide protein. You also need heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids from certain kinds of fish, monounsaturated fats, and polyunsaturated fats. Dairy products should be low in fat.
It’s not only what you eat, but also how much you eat that matters. You should be careful about portion sizes and try to eat meals at about the same time every day.
Exercise
Type 2 diabetes is associated with inactivity. Getting 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every day can improve your overall health. Try to add in extra movement throughout the day, too.
Weight management
You’re more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you’re overweight. Eating a healthy, balanced diet and getting daily exercise should help you keep your weight under control. If those changes aren’t working, your doctor can make some recommendations for losing weight safely.
The bottom line
These changes in diet, exercise, and weight management work together to help keep your blood glucose levels within the ideal range all day long. Discover how curcumin, vitamin D, and even coffee can also help you prevent type 2 diabetes.
Complications associated with type 2 diabetes
For many people, type 2 diabetes can be effectively managed. If not properly managed, it can affect virtually all of your organs and lead to serious complications, including:
• skin problems, such as bacterial or fungal infections
• nerve damage, or neuropathy, which can cause a loss of sensation or numbness and tingling in your extremities as well as digestive issues, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation
• poor circulation to the feet, which makes it hard for your feet to heal when you have a cut or an infection and can also lead to gangrene and loss of the foot or leg
• hearing impairment
• retinal damage, or retinopathy, and eye damage, which can cause deteriorating vision, glaucoma, and cataracts
• cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, narrowing of the arteries, angina, heart attack, and stroke
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia can occur when your blood sugar is low. The symptoms can include shakiness, dizziness, and difficulty speaking. You can usually remedy this by having a “quick-fix” food or beverage, such as fruit juice, a soft drink, or a hard candy.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia can happen when blood sugar is high. It’s typically characterized by frequent urination and increased thirst. Exercising can help lower your blood glucose level.
Complications during and after pregnancy
If you have diabetes while you’re pregnant, you’ll need to monitor your condition carefully. Diabetes that’s poorly controlled can:
• complicate pregnancy, labor, and delivery
• harm your baby’s developing organs
• cause your baby to gain too much weight
It can also increase your baby’s risk of developing diabetes during their lifetime.
The bottom line
Diabetes is associated with a range of complications.
Women with diabetes are twice as likely to have another heart attack after the first one. Their risk of heart failure is four times that of women without diabetes. Men with diabetes are 3.5 times as likely to develop erectile dysfunction (ED).
Kidney damage and kidney failure can affect both women and men with the disease. Take these steps to lower your risk of kidney damage and other diabetes complications.
Type 2 diabetes in children
Type 2 diabetes in children is a growing problem. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), around 193,000 Americans under age 20 have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. One study found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth has increased to about 5,000 new cases per year. Another study showed a significant increase, particularly in minority races and ethnic groups.
The reasons for this are complex, but risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
• being overweight, or having a body mass index above the 85th percentile
• having a birth weight of 9 pounds or more
• being born to a mother who had diabetes while she was pregnant
• having a close family member with type 2 diabetes
• having a sedentary lifestyle
• being African-American, Hispanic American, Asian-American, Native American, or a Pacific Islander
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes in children are the same as those in adults. They include:
• excessive thirst or hunger
• increased urination
• sores that are slow to heal
• frequent infections
• fatigue
• blurry vision
• areas of darkened skin
See your child’s doctor immediately if they have these symptoms.
In 2018, the ADA recommended that all children who are overweight and have additional diabetes risk factors be tested for prediabetes or type 2. Untreated diabetes can lead to serious and even life-threatening complications.
A random blood glucose test may reveal high blood glucose levels. A hemoglobin A1C test can provide more information about average blood glucose levels over a few months. Your child may also need a fasting blood glucose test.
If your child is diagnosed with diabetes, then their doctor will need to determine if it’s type 1 or type 2 before suggesting a specific treatment.
You can help lower your child’s risk by encouraging them to eat well and to be physically active every day. Get more information on type 2 diabetes, its effect on children, and how it’s becoming so common in this group that it’s no longer known as adult-onset diabetes.
Managing type 2 diabetes
Managing type 2 diabetes requires teamwork. You’ll need to work closely with your doctor, but a lot of the results depend on your actions.
Your doctor may want to perform periodic blood tests to determine your blood glucose levels. This will help determine how well you’re managing the disease. If you take medication, these tests will help gauge how well it’s working.
Because diabetes increases your risk of cardiovascular disease, your doctor will also monitor your blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels.
If you have symptoms of heart disease, you may need additional tests. These tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) or a cardiac stress test.
Follow these tips to help manage your diabetes:
• Maintain a balanced diet that includes non-starchy vegetables, whole-grains fiber, lean proteins, and unsaturated fats. Avoid unhealthy fats, sugars, and simple carbohydrates.
• Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
• Exercise daily.
• Take all your medication as recommended.
• Use a home monitoring system to test your own blood glucose levels between visits to your doctor. Your doctor will tell you how often you should do that and what your target range should be.
It may also be helpful to bring your family into the loop. Educate them about the warning signs of blood glucose levels that are too high or too low so that they can help in an emergency.
If everyone in your home follows a healthy diet and participates in physical activity, you’ll all benefit.
Do I Have Diabetes? Know the Warning Signs
• Warning signs
• Risk factors
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Outlook
• Prevention
Overview
Diabetes is a serious, yet common medical condition. If you have diabetes, you need to manage your blood sugars and regularly monitor them to be sure they are within their target range.
There are a few types of diabetes, though the main two types are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. They differ based on what causes them.
You may have sudden symptoms of diabetes, or a diagnosis may surprise you because the symptoms have been gradual over many months or years.
Warning signs of diabetes
Diabetes symptoms may occur over time or they may appear quickly. The various types of diabetes may have similar or different warning signs. Some general warni
------------------------------------------------------
With diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use it as well as it should. Diabetes is a chronic (long-lasting) health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. Your body breaks down most of the food you eat into sugar (glucose) and releases it into your bloodstream.Apr 24, 2023
---------------------------------------
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas in the body that controls the glucose level in the blood. Insulin promotes the absorption of sugar from the blood. The sugar is stored as fat
-----------------------------------------
What is diabetes? | CDC
[하기 웹사이트는 카피ㅏ여 인터넷에서 보십시요]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes
https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%8B%B9%EB%87%A8%EB%B3%91
https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%90%EB%A6%B0
Tip. 혈당지수와 식품Glycemic index
혈당지수란 식품을 섭취했을 때 혈당이 얼마나 빨리 많이 올라가는지를 나타내는 수치인데요, 탄수화물의 소화 흡수 정도 및 인슐린 반응과 관련이 있는 만큼 당뇨병이 있다면 혈당지수가 높은 식품은 피하는 것이 좋습니다.
The glycemic index is a system of assigning a number to carbohydrate-containing foods according to how much each food increases blood sugar. The glycemic index itself is not a diet plan but one of various tools — such as calorie counting or carbohydrate counting — for guiding food choices.
혈당지수가 높은 식품 혈당지수가 보통인 식품 혈당지수가 낮은 식품
바게트(93)
쌀밥(92)
도넛(86)
떡(85)
감자(85)
우동(85)
찹쌀(80)
옥수수(75)
라면(73)
팝콘(72) 카스테라(69)
보리밥(66)
파인애플(66)
파스타(65)
호밀빵(64)
아이스크림(63)
치즈피자(60)
패스츄리(59)
머핀(59)
고구마(55) 바나나(52)
포도(46)
양배추(26)
땅콩(14)
사과(36)
귤(33)
토마토(30)
버섯(30)
우유(25)
미역(16)
당뇨병 테스트https://goldsaju.net/dang
All About Your A1C - CDC
A normal A1C level is below 5.7%, a level of 5.7% to 6.4% indicates prediabetes, and a level of 6.5% or more indicates diabetes. Within the 5.7% to 6.4% prediabetes range, the higher your A1C, the greater your risk is for developing type 2 diabetes.Aug 21, 2018
A1C test - Mayo Clinic
An A1C level above 8 percent means that your diabetes is not well-controlled and you have a higher risk of developing complications of diabetes. For most adults who have diabetes, an A1C level of 7 percent or less is a common treatment target. Lower or higher targets may be appropriate for some individuals.Dec 18, 2018
평생 관리가 필요한 당뇨병, 당뇨에 좋은 음식과 의외로 나쁜 음식 5가지 라이나생명
1. 균형 있는 식사와 코스요리처럼 식사하자.
탄수화물, 단백질, 지방, 섬유질 등 균형 있는 식사하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 같은 식단이라도 먹는 순서에 따라 혈당의 차이가 발생합니다. 그릿摸 어떤 순서로 식사하는 것이 가장 좋을까요?
단백질, 지방 -> 섬유질 -> 탄수화물
탄수화물을 가장 나중에 먹고, 단백질과 지방을 가장 먼저 먹는 것이 식후 혈당이 제일 적게 올라갑니다. 단백질과 지방이 탄수화물의 흡수를 지연시켜 췌장의 인슐린 분비를 자극해서 혈당을 조절 할 수 있기 때문입니다. 단백질과 지방을 먼저 먹고, 채소에 많은 섬유질을 그 다음에 먹고, 마지막으로 탄수화물을 먹는 것이 좋습니다. 꼭 한식의 코스요리처럼 식사하며, 천천히 먹는 것도 도움이 됩니다.
2. 비만이라면 저지방식의 식사를 하세요!
당뇨병의 주요 원인 중 하나가 바로 비만입니다. 비만이라면 체중을 5~7% 정도 줄이는 것이 발병을 늦추거나 예방할 수 있습니다. 체중을 줄이기 위해 열량을 적게 섭취하는 저지방식으로 식단을 구성하고, 혈당을 낮추는 음식을 섭취합니다. 혈당을 낮추면서 당뇨에 도움이 되는 음식은 현미, 메밀 등 통곡물과 지방함량이 낮은 시금치 같은 녹색 채소와 달걀, 생선 등 단백질이 도움이 됩니다.
3. 식사를 거르지 마세요.
아침, 점심, 저녁, 하루 세 끼를 먹는 것이 좋습니다. 다이어트나 1인 1식 등의 열풍이 불었었는데요. 당뇨병이 있다면 한 끼나 두 끼를 먹는 것보다 세 끼를 먹는 것이 혈당의 진폭을 줄이는 데 효과가 있습니다. 특히 아침을 거르는 것은 혈당 조절에 큰 영향을 줍니다. 자고 일어난 후 공복 시간이 긴 만큼 아침에 식사를 신경 써야 하는 것입니다. 또한, 아침에 인슐린이 가장 효과적인 힘을 발휘해 혈당조절이 잘 되므로 간단하게라도 아침을 꼭 드세요. 꼭 세 끼를 먹기 힘들다면 저녁을 건너뛰는 것이 좋습니다.
<당뇨에 좋은 음식 vs 나쁜 음식>
식습관에 큰 영향을 받는 당뇨병은 당뇨에 좋은 음식과 나쁜 음식을 구별해 섭취하는 것이 가장 기본적으로 지켜야 하는 것입니다.
1. 당뇨에 좋은 음식
1) 현미, 귀리, 퀴노아 등 통곡물
탄수화물은 우리 몸에 필요한 영양소인데요, 우리가 흔히 먹는 도정된 흰쌀보다는 현미, 귀리, 퀴노아, 수수, 메밀과 같은 곡물을 통곡물 형태로 섭취하는 것이 가장 효과적입니다.
2) 시금치
식이섬유가 풍부하고, 섬유질이 많은 채소는 지방, 나트륨의 함량이 낮아 당뇨병에 도움이 됩니다. 특히 시금치는 마그네슘이 풍부해 코티졸 호르몬 수치를 조절해줍니다. 코티졸 호르몬은 스트레스를 줄여주고, 안정감을 주며 췌장의 인슐린 분비를 조절해 당뇨에 도움이 되는 특급 식품으로 꼽힙니다.
3) 토마토 & 베리류
토마토는 다른 과일과 달리 당분과 열량이 낮고, 혈당을 조절해줍니다. 빨간색, 보라색을 띠는 베리류의 과일도 안토시아닌류와 인슐린 민감성을 높이는 성분이 있어 도움이 됩니다.
4) 양파
양파의 APDS 성분은 혈당을 내려주는데요, 인슐린과 함께 간에서 포도당을 저하해 인슐린의 수명을 늘려주는 역할을 합니다.
5) 견과류
견과류는 단백질, 불포화지방과 비타민 등의 영양소가 풍부해 심장병, 당뇨병에 효과적인 식품입니다. 하루에 한 주먹 정도, 다른 군것질 대신 섭취하는 것이 도움이 됩니다.
2, 당뇨에 의외로 나쁜 음식
1) 감자, 옥수수
식물성 식품인 감자, 옥수수는 탄수화물이 높아 먹는 양을 조절해야 합니다. 또한, 감자는 혈당지수가 떡과 빵보다 높습니다.
2) 호박
호박의 혈당지수는 65 정도로 보통 수준이지만, 조리해서 먹으면 95까지 높아져 의외로 당뇨에 나쁘다고 할 수 있습니다.
3) 피클, 장아찌
채소를 재료로 요리할 때 소금, 버터, 설탕 등의 조미료를 최소화해야 하는데요, 아무리 몸에 좋은 채소도 조미료를 사용하면 당뇨병에 해롭습니다. 특히 피클이나 장아찌처럼 간장이나 소금 등에 절인 음식은 가급적 피하는 것이 좋습니다.
4) 떡
밀가루 음식은 당뇨에 나쁘고, 쌀로 만든 음식은 당뇨에 좋은 음식이라고 생각하는 경우가 많은데요, 쌀로 만들어진 떡도 정제된 흰쌀에 설탕을 첨가해서 만들어 주의하면서 섭취해야 합니다.
5) 말린 과일
말린 과일은 수분이 적고, 당분이 높아 혈당을 상승시킵니다. 또한, 설탕을 첨가해서 만드는 경우가 많아서 당뇨 환자들은 특히 섭취를 자제해야 합니다.
Tip. 혈당지수와 식품
혈당지수란 식품을 섭취했을 때 혈당이 얼마나 빨리 많이 올라가는지를 나타내는 수치인데요, 탄수화물의 소화 흡수 정도 및 인슐린 반응과 관련이 있는 만큼 당뇨병이 있다면 혈당지수가 높은 식품은 피하는 것이 좋습니다.
혈당지수가 높은 식품 혈당지수가 보통인 식품 혈당지수가 낮은 식품
바게트(93)
쌀밥(92)
도넛(86)
떡(85)
감자(85)
우동(85)
찹쌀(80)
옥수수(75)
라면(73)
팝콘(72) 카스테라(69)
보리밥(66)
파인애플(66)
파스타(65)
호밀빵(64)
아이스크림(63)
치즈피자(60)
패스츄리(59)
머핀(59)
고구마(55) 바나나(52)
포도(46)
양배추(26)
땅콩(14)
사과(36)
귤(33)
토마토(30)
버섯(30)
우유(25)
미역(16)
오늘은 당뇨병을 완화하는 식습관 방법에 대해 알아보았습니다. 특히 감자나 옥수수 등의 채소는 건강에 좋다는 생각에 간식으로 자주 드시기도 하는데요, 의외로 혈당지수가 높아 당뇨병 환자에게는 나쁜 영향을 미친다는 것 꼭 기억하시고 자제하길 권합니다. 식습관을 개선해서 당뇨병을 완치할 순 없어도 완화하길 바랍니다. 이상 당신 편에서 라이나생명이었습니다.
------------------------------------------------
당뇨병(糖尿病, diabetes mellitus, DM, diabetes)은 높은 혈당 수치가 오랜 기간 지속되는 대사 질환군을 말한다. 혈당이 높을 때의 증상으로는 소변이 잦아지고, 갈증과 배고픔이 심해진다. 이를 치료하지 않으면 다른 합병증을 유발할 수 있다.
위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.
급성의 합병증으로는 당뇨병케톤산증, 고혈당성 고삼투성 비케톤성 혼수 등이 포함된다[2] 심각한 장기간 합병증으로는 심혈관질환, 뇌졸중, 만성신부전, 당뇨병성 궤양, 당뇨망막병 등이 포함된다.[3]
당뇨병은 췌장이 충분한 인슐린을 만들어 내지 못하거나 몸의 세포가 만들어진 인슐린에 적절하게 반응하지 못하는 것이 원인이 된다.[4]
인슐린 작용의 부족 등에 의한 만성 고혈당증은 여러 특징적인 대사 이상을 수반한다. 인슐린은 주로 탄수화물 대사에 관여하므로, 당뇨병은 탄수화물 대사의 이상이 기본적인 문제이나, 이로 인해 체내의 모든 영양소 대사가 영향을 받게 되므로, 또한 총체적인 대사상의 질병이라고 할 수 있다. 당뇨병은 현대에서 가장 중요한 만성 질병으로 꼽히며 특히 선진국일수록 발생 빈도가 높다.
당뇨병은 통상 다음의 세 가지로 나뉜다.
• 제1형 당뇨병은 충분한 인슐린을 만들어내지 못하는 것에 기인한다. '인슐린의존당뇨병' 또는 '연소성 당뇨병'이라고도 한다. 원인은 밝혀지지 않았다.[2]
• 제2형 당뇨병은 세포가 인슐린에 적절하게 반응하지 못하는 인슐린저항으로 시작된다.[2] 병이 진행되면서 인슐린 부족이 발생할 수도 있다.[10] '인슐린-비의존 당뇨병' 또는 '성인 당뇨병'이라고도 한다. 체중 과다와 충분하지 못한 운동으로 주로 발병한다.[2]
• 임신당뇨병은 세 번째 유형이며, 당뇨병의 병력이 없는 임신한 여성에 고혈당으로 발전하는 경우에 발병한다.[2]
인슐린(영어: insulin, 영어로 island란 의미를 갖는 라틴어 insula에서 유래됨)은 포도당을 글리코겐으로 변환시켜 우리 몸의 물질대사 체계에 중요한 역할을 하는 호르몬 중 하나이다 위키백과.
. 이자의 랑게르한스섬 베타 세포에서 분비되며, 혈액 속의 포도당 수치인 혈당량을 일정하게 유지시키는 역할을 한다. 혈당량이 일정 이상으로 높아지면 인슐린이 분비되며, 혈액내의 포도당을 세포 내로 유입해 다시 다당류(글리코겐)의 형태로 저장하는 작용을 촉진시킨다. 이러한 인슐린의 분비에 이상이 있는 사람의 경우에는 당뇨병에 걸린다.
또한 인슐린은 생화학 역사에 있어서 매우 중요한 분자이기도 하다. 맨 처음 1차 구조식이 발견된 단백질이다. 1921년, 캐나다 토론토 대학의 프레더릭 밴팅과 찰스 베스트 박사에 의하여 최초로 이자에서 채취하여 인슐린의 결정을 얻어냈다. 그 후 1955년, 프레더릭 생어 박사가 처음으로 생거법을 사용하여 소의 인슐린 구조를 밝혀내었다. 소의 인슐린의 경우, 21개의 아미노산을 가진 A사슬과, 30개의 아미노산을 가진 B사슬이 두 개의 이황화결합으로 연결되어 있다. 다른 포유류 동물들의 인슐린도 매우 유사한 단백질 1차, 2차 구조를 지니고 있다.
인슐린이 혈당량을 낮추는 작용은 2가지로 이루어진다. 먼저, 간세포에서 포도당을 글리코겐으로 저장시키는 작용이 있다. 그리고 혈액 내의 포도당을 세포 내로 이동시켜 포도당의 산화를 촉진시키는 작용이 있다.
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood into your cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it does make.
TYPE of diabetes:
• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system attacks and destroys cells in the pancreas, where insulin is made. It’s unclear what causes this attack. About 10 percent of people with diabetes have this type.
• Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body becomes resistant to insulin, and sugar builds up in your blood.
• Prediabetes occurs when your blood sugar is higher than normal, but it’s not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
• Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar during pregnancy. Insulin-blocking hormones produced by the placenta cause this type of diabetes.
A rare condition called diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes mellitus, although it has a similar name. It’s a different condition in which your kidneys remove too much fluid from your body.
Each type of diabetes has unique symptoms, causes, and treatments.
Understanding Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic medical condition in which sugar, or glucose, levels build up in your bloodstream. The hormone insulin helps move the glucose from your blood into your cells, where it’s used for energy.
In type 2 diabetes, your body’s cells aren’t able to respond to insulin as well as they should. In later stages of the disease, your body may also not produce enough insulin.
Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes can lead to chronically high blood glucose levels, causing several symptoms and potentially leading to serious complications.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, your body isn’t able to effectively use insulin to bring glucose into your cells. This causes your body to rely on alternative energy sources in your tissues, muscles, and organs. This is a chain reaction that can cause a variety of symptoms.
Type 2 diabetes can develop slowly. The symptoms may be mild and easy to dismiss at first. The early symptoms may include:
• constant hunger
• a lack of energy
• fatigue
• weight loss
• excessive thirst
• frequent urination
• dry mouth
• itchy skin
• blurry vision
As the disease progresses, the symptoms become more severe and potentially dangerous.
If your blood glucose levels have been high for a long time, the symptoms can include:
• yeast infections
• slow-healing cuts or sores
• dark patches on your skin, a condition known as acanthosis nigricans
• foot pain
• feelings of numbness in your extremities, or neuropathy
If you have two or more of these symptoms, you should see your doctor. Without treatment, diabetes can become life-threatening. Discover other symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Causes of type 2 diabetes
Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone. Your pancreas produces it and releases it when you eat. Insulin helps transport glucose from your bloodstream to cells throughout your body, where it’s used for energy.
If you have type 2 diabetes, your body becomes resistant to insulin. Your body is no longer using the hormone efficiently. This forces your pancreas to work harder to make more insulin.
Over time, this can damage cells in your pancreas. Eventually, your pancreas may not be able to produce any insulin.
If you don’t produce enough insulin or if your body doesn’t use it efficiently, glucose builds up in your bloodstream. This leaves your body’s cells starved for energy. Doctors don’t know exactly what triggers this series of events.
It may have to do with cell dysfunction in the pancreas or with cell signaling and regulation. In some people, the liver produces too much glucose. There may be a genetic predisposition to developing type 2 diabetes.
There’s definitely a genetic predisposition to obesity, which increases the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. There could also be an environmental trigger.
Most likely, it’s a combination of factors that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Find out more about the causes of diabetes.
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
You can effectively manage type 2 diabetes. Your doctor will tell you how often you should check your blood glucose levels. The goal is to stay within a specific range.
Follow these tips to manage type 2 diabetes:
• Include foods rich in fiber and healthy carbohydrates in your diet. Eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will help keep your blood glucose levels steady.
• Eat at regular intervals
• Only eat until you’re full.
• Control your weight and keep your heart healthy. That means keeping refined carbohydrates, sweets, and animal fats to a minimum.
• Get about half an hour of aerobic activity daily to help keep your heart healthy. Exercise helps to control blood glucose, too.
Your doctor will explain how to recognize the early symptoms of blood sugar that’s too high or too low and what to do in each situation. They’ll also help you learn which foods are healthy and which foods aren’t.
Not everyone with type 2 diabetes needs to use insulin. If you do, it’s because your pancreas isn’t making enough insulin on its own. It’s crucial that you take insulin as directed. There are other prescription medications that may help as well.
Medications for type 2 diabetes
In some cases, lifestyle changes are enough to keep type 2 diabetes under control. If not, there are several medications that may help. Some of these medications are:
• metformin, which can lower your blood glucose levels and improve how your body responds to insulin — it’s the preferred treatment for most people with type 2 diabetes
• sulfonylureas, which are oral medications that help your body make more insulin
• meglitinides, which are fast-acting, short-duration medications that stimulate your pancreas to release more insulin
• thiazolidinediones, which make your body more sensitive to insulin
• dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which are milder medications that help reduce blood glucose levels
• glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, which slow digestion and improve blood glucose levels
• sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which help prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose into the blood and sending it out in your urine
Each of these medications can cause side effects. It may take some time to find the best medication or combination of medications to treat your diabetes.
If your blood pressure or cholesterol levels are a problem, you may need medications to address those needs as well.
If your body can’t make enough insulin, you may need insulin therapy. You may only need a long-acting injection you can take at night, or you may need to take insulin several times per day. Learn about other medications that can help you manage diabetes.
Diet for type 2 diabetes
Diet is an important tool to keep your heart healthy and blood glucose levels within a safe and healthy range. It doesn’t have to be complicated or unpleasant.
The diet recommended for people with type 2 diabetes is the same diet just about everyone should follow. It boils down to a few key actions:
• Eat meals and snacks on schedule.
• Choose a variety of foods that are high in nutrients and low in empty calories.
• Be careful not to overeat.
• Read food labels closely.
Foods and beverages to avoid
There are certain foods and beverages that you should limit or avoid entirely. These include:
• foods heavy in saturated or trans fats
• organ meats, such as beef or liver
• processed meats
• shellfish
• margarine and shortening
• baked goods such as white bread, bagels
• processed snacks
• sugary drinks, including fruit juices
• high-fat dairy products
• pasta or white rice
Skipping salty foods and fried foods is also recommended. Check out this list of other foods and drinks to steer clear of if you have diabetes.
Foods to choose
Healthy carbohydrates can provide you with fiber. The options include:
• whole fruits
• non-starchy vegetables
• legumes, such as beans
• whole grains such as oats or quinoa
• sweet potatoes
Foods with heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids include:
• tuna
• sardines
• salmon
• mackerel
• halibut
• cod
• flax seeds
You can get healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats from a number of foods, including:
• oils, such as olive oil, canola oil, and peanut oil
• nuts, such as almonds, pecans, and walnuts
• avocados
Although these options for healthy fats are good for you, they’re also high in calories. Moderation is key. Opting for low-fat dairy products will also keep your fat intake under control. Discover more diabetes-friendly foods, from cinnamon to shirataki noodles.
The bottom line
Talk to your doctor about your personal nutrition and calorie goals. Together, you can come up with a diet plan that tastes great and suits your lifestyle needs. Explore carb counting and the Mediterranean diet, along with other approaches, here.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes
We may not understand the exact causes of type 2 diabetes, but we do know that certain factors can put you at increased risk.
Certain factors are out of your control:
• Your risk is greater if you have a brother, sister, or parent who has type 2 diabetes.
• You can develop type 2 diabetes at any age, but your risk increases as you get older. Your risk is particularly high once you reach 45 years old.
• African-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, Asian-Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans (American Indians and Alaska Natives) are at higher risk than Caucasians.
• Women who have a condition called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk.
You may be able to change these factors:
• Being overweight means that you have more fatty tissue, which makes your cells more resistant to insulin. Extra fat in the abdomen increases your risk more than extra fat in the hips and thighs.
• Your risk increases if you have a sedentary lifestyle. Regular exercise uses up glucose and helps your cells respond better to insulin.
• Eating a lot of junk foods or eating too much wreaks havoc on your blood glucose levels.
You’re also at increased risk if you’ve had gestational diabetes or prediabetes, two conditions caused by elevated glucose levels. Learn more about the factors that can increase your risk for diabetes.
Receiving a type 2 diabetes diagnosis
Whether or not you have prediabetes, you should see your doctor right away if you have the symptoms of diabetes. Your doctor can get a lot of information from blood work. Diagnostic testing may include the following:
• Hemoglobin A1C test. This test measures average blood glucose levels for the previous two or three months. You don’t need to fast for this test, and your doctor can diagnose you based on the results. It’s also called a glycosylated hemoglobin test.
• Fasting plasma glucose test. This test measures how much glucose is in your plasma. You may need to fast for eight hours before having it.
• Oral glucose tolerance test. During this test, your blood is drawn three times: before, one hour after, and two hours after you drink a dose of glucose. The test results show how well your body deals with glucose before and after the drink.
If you have diabetes, your doctor will provide you with information about how to manage the disease, including:
• how to monitor blood glucose levels on your own
• dietary recommendations
• physical activity recommendations
• information about any medications that you need
Early diagnosis is key to proper diabetes management. Find out more about how type 2 diabetes is diagnosed.
Tips for how to prevent type 2 diabetes
You can’t always prevent type 2 diabetes. There’s nothing you can do about your genetics, ethnicity, or age.
However, a few lifestyle tweaks can help delay or even prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes, whether or not you have diabetes risk factors such as prediabetes.
Diet
Your diet should limit sugar and refined carbohydrates and replace them with low glycemic whole grains, carbohydrates, and fiber. Lean meat, poultry, or fish provide protein. You also need heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids from certain kinds of fish, monounsaturated fats, and polyunsaturated fats. Dairy products should be low in fat.
It’s not only what you eat, but also how much you eat that matters. You should be careful about portion sizes and try to eat meals at about the same time every day.
Exercise
Type 2 diabetes is associated with inactivity. Getting 30 minutes of aerobic exercise every day can improve your overall health. Try to add in extra movement throughout the day, too.
Weight management
You’re more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you’re overweight. Eating a healthy, balanced diet and getting daily exercise should help you keep your weight under control. If those changes aren’t working, your doctor can make some recommendations for losing weight safely.
The bottom line
These changes in diet, exercise, and weight management work together to help keep your blood glucose levels within the ideal range all day long. Discover how curcumin, vitamin D, and even coffee can also help you prevent type 2 diabetes.
Complications associated with type 2 diabetes
For many people, type 2 diabetes can be effectively managed. If not properly managed, it can affect virtually all of your organs and lead to serious complications, including:
• skin problems, such as bacterial or fungal infections
• nerve damage, or neuropathy, which can cause a loss of sensation or numbness and tingling in your extremities as well as digestive issues, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation
• poor circulation to the feet, which makes it hard for your feet to heal when you have a cut or an infection and can also lead to gangrene and loss of the foot or leg
• hearing impairment
• retinal damage, or retinopathy, and eye damage, which can cause deteriorating vision, glaucoma, and cataracts
• cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, narrowing of the arteries, angina, heart attack, and stroke
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia can occur when your blood sugar is low. The symptoms can include shakiness, dizziness, and difficulty speaking. You can usually remedy this by having a “quick-fix” food or beverage, such as fruit juice, a soft drink, or a hard candy.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia can happen when blood sugar is high. It’s typically characterized by frequent urination and increased thirst. Exercising can help lower your blood glucose level.
Complications during and after pregnancy
If you have diabetes while you’re pregnant, you’ll need to monitor your condition carefully. Diabetes that’s poorly controlled can:
• complicate pregnancy, labor, and delivery
• harm your baby’s developing organs
• cause your baby to gain too much weight
It can also increase your baby’s risk of developing diabetes during their lifetime.
The bottom line
Diabetes is associated with a range of complications.
Women with diabetes are twice as likely to have another heart attack after the first one. Their risk of heart failure is four times that of women without diabetes. Men with diabetes are 3.5 times as likely to develop erectile dysfunction (ED).
Kidney damage and kidney failure can affect both women and men with the disease. Take these steps to lower your risk of kidney damage and other diabetes complications.
Type 2 diabetes in children
Type 2 diabetes in children is a growing problem. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), around 193,000 Americans under age 20 have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. One study found that the incidence of type 2 diabetes in youth has increased to about 5,000 new cases per year. Another study showed a significant increase, particularly in minority races and ethnic groups.
The reasons for this are complex, but risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:
• being overweight, or having a body mass index above the 85th percentile
• having a birth weight of 9 pounds or more
• being born to a mother who had diabetes while she was pregnant
• having a close family member with type 2 diabetes
• having a sedentary lifestyle
• being African-American, Hispanic American, Asian-American, Native American, or a Pacific Islander
The symptoms of type 2 diabetes in children are the same as those in adults. They include:
• excessive thirst or hunger
• increased urination
• sores that are slow to heal
• frequent infections
• fatigue
• blurry vision
• areas of darkened skin
See your child’s doctor immediately if they have these symptoms.
In 2018, the ADA recommended that all children who are overweight and have additional diabetes risk factors be tested for prediabetes or type 2. Untreated diabetes can lead to serious and even life-threatening complications.
A random blood glucose test may reveal high blood glucose levels. A hemoglobin A1C test can provide more information about average blood glucose levels over a few months. Your child may also need a fasting blood glucose test.
If your child is diagnosed with diabetes, then their doctor will need to determine if it’s type 1 or type 2 before suggesting a specific treatment.
You can help lower your child’s risk by encouraging them to eat well and to be physically active every day. Get more information on type 2 diabetes, its effect on children, and how it’s becoming so common in this group that it’s no longer known as adult-onset diabetes.
Managing type 2 diabetes
Managing type 2 diabetes requires teamwork. You’ll need to work closely with your doctor, but a lot of the results depend on your actions.
Your doctor may want to perform periodic blood tests to determine your blood glucose levels. This will help determine how well you’re managing the disease. If you take medication, these tests will help gauge how well it’s working.
Because diabetes increases your risk of cardiovascular disease, your doctor will also monitor your blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels.
If you have symptoms of heart disease, you may need additional tests. These tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) or a cardiac stress test.
Follow these tips to help manage your diabetes:
• Maintain a balanced diet that includes non-starchy vegetables, whole-grains fiber, lean proteins, and unsaturated fats. Avoid unhealthy fats, sugars, and simple carbohydrates.
• Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
• Exercise daily.
• Take all your medication as recommended.
• Use a home monitoring system to test your own blood glucose levels between visits to your doctor. Your doctor will tell you how often you should do that and what your target range should be.
It may also be helpful to bring your family into the loop. Educate them about the warning signs of blood glucose levels that are too high or too low so that they can help in an emergency.
If everyone in your home follows a healthy diet and participates in physical activity, you’ll all benefit.
Do I Have Diabetes? Know the Warning Signs
• Warning signs
• Risk factors
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Outlook
• Prevention
Overview
Diabetes is a serious, yet common medical condition. If you have diabetes, you need to manage your blood sugars and regularly monitor them to be sure they are within their target range.
There are a few types of diabetes, though the main two types are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. They differ based on what causes them.
You may have sudden symptoms of diabetes, or a diagnosis may surprise you because the symptoms have been gradual over many months or years.
Warning signs of diabetes
Diabetes symptoms may occur over time or they may appear quickly. The various types of diabetes may have similar or different warning signs. Some general warni
- 이전글Underlying health conditions existing chronic conditions 기저질환 20.12.20
- 다음글갑장선THYROID GLAND 갑상선기능항진/저하 hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism 20.12.16
댓글목록
등록된 댓글이 없습니다.