#HISTORY# WORLD KOREAN CHINESE USA CANADA History Timeline *세계 한국 …
페이지 정보
본문
General knowledge history timeline 세계연표 기원전 4300 BC - 2025년AD
Google World Map 구글세계지도 https://canadakorea.ca/bbs/board.php?bo_table=cki_world&wr_id=5&page=2
=====
WORLD HUMAN HISTORY
Prehistory (c. ? – c. 3000 BCE) Human
Ancient history (c. 3000 BCE – c. 500 CE) ...
Post-classical history (c. 500 CE – c. 1500 CE) ...
Early modern period (c. 1500 CE – c. 1800 CE) ...
Late modern period (c. 1800 CE – present) 5.1 19th century. ...
Human history - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history
World History youtube History Time Line https://canada.praiseloan.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=cki_cki&wr_id=10
===
United States. The United States of America is a North American nation that is the world's most dominant economic and military power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_economy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States
=====
KOREAN HISTORY
A timeline of Korean history includes the prehistoric period, the Three Kingdoms, Unified Silla, the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties, the Japanese colonial period, and the division into North and South Korea.
Here's a more detailed look:
Prehistoric Period: Human habitation dates back to 40,000 BC, with the earliest pottery around 8000 BC.
Gojoseon: The legendary founding of Gojoseon is dated to 2333 BC.
Three Kingdoms Period: (57 BC – 668 AD) Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla emerged as dominant kingdoms.
Unified Silla: Silla unified the Korean peninsula in 676 AD.
Later Three Kingdoms: (892 – 936 AD) A period of conflict before the rise of Goryeo.
Goryeo Dynasty: (918 – 1392 AD) Unified the Later Three Kingdoms.
Joseon Dynasty: (1392 – 1897 AD) A long-lasting Confucian dynasty.
Japanese Colonial Period: (1910 – 1945 AD) Korea was annexed by Japan.
Post-Liberation and Division: (1945 – Present) The peninsula was divided into North and South Korea.
==
Proto-Three Kingdoms
See also: Proto–Three Kingdoms period
200 BC: Buyeo, which Goguryeo and Baekje claim descent from, is established sometime around the 2nd century BC.
195 BC: Establishment of Wiman Joseon.[12]
108 BC: Han dynasty destroys Wiman Joseon, establishing four commanderies in northern Korean Peninsula.[13]
57 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Silla by Bak Hyeokgeose, who is elected leader.[14]
37 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Goguryeo by Jumong, a Prince of Buyeo.[14]
18 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Baekje by Onjo, a Buyeo Nobleman or the third son of Jumong according to different sources.[14][15]
==
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/korea_timeline.htm#:~:text=Foreign%20skirmishes%20threaten%20Korea,1953%2Dpresent*
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history#:~:text=8000%20BC:%20Beginning%20of%20the,Jin%20in%20southern%20Korean%20peninsula.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history
South Korea's economy is a highly developed, mixed economy, ranked as the 13th largest in the world. It's known for its rapid economic growth, sometimes called the "Miracle on the Han River," and is considered a high-income country. However, recent reports indicate a contraction in the first quarter of 2025 and continued downward pressure on the economy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea
=====
=====
CHINESE HISTORY
A simplified timeline of Chinese history includes the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. These dynasties represent major periods of rule and cultural development in China's long history, with the Shang being the earliest dynasty supported by both written and archaeological evidence.
Timeline of Korean history https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history
Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 – 1050 BCE): The earliest dynasty supported by evidence, known for its bronze work and early writing system.
Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BCE): Divided into Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou, with the latter further divided into the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 BCE): Brief but significant for unifying China under an emperor and establishing the first empire.
Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE): A golden age of Chinese culture and influence, often seen as a model for later dynasties.
Six Dynasties Period (220-589 CE): A period of division and disunity following the Han Dynasty.
Sui Dynasty (581 – 618 CE): Brief but important for reunifying China after a long period of division.
Tang Dynasty (618 – 907 CE): Known for its cultural and economic prosperity, considered a golden age.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960 CE): A period of political fragmentation following the Tang.
Song Dynasty (960 – 1279 CE): A period of significant advancements in technology, economy, and culture.
Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368 CE): Established by the Mongols after conquering the Song Dynasty.
Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644 CE): A period of population growth, economic prosperity, and the completion of the Great Wall.
Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912 CE): The last imperial dynasty of China, ending with the Xinhai Revolution.
Republic of China (1912-1949 CE): Established after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
People's Republic of China (1949-Present): Established after the Chinese Civil War.
==
Taiwan's history is complex, involving indigenous peoples, various colonizers, and a protracted civil war. Initially inhabited by indigenous tribes, Taiwan saw periods of Dutch and Spanish settlement in the 17th century, followed by rule under the Qing Dynasty. In 1895, Taiwan became a colony of Japan after the first Sino-Japanese War. Following Japan's defeat in World War II, the Republic of China (ROC) took control, but in 1949, the Chinese Nationalist (KMT) government, defeated by the Communists, retreated to Taiwan, establishing the ROC there. This led to the ongoing political status issue, with China claiming Taiwan as its territory and Taiwan maintaining its own government and democratic system.
==
Economy of China
China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and since 2016 has been the world's largest economy when measured by purchasing power parity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_China
==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/china_timeline.htm
=====
A US history timeline generally begins with pre-colonial times, including the arrival of Native Americans, and then covers the colonial period, the American Revolution, the establishment of the nation, westward expansion, the Civil War and Reconstruction, industrialization, major world wars, and the modern era.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Early History (Before 1776):
Pre-Colonial Period:
Tens of thousands of years of Native American history, with the arrival of people from Siberia.
Colonial Era:
European colonization, including the arrival of the Pilgrims in 1620 and the establishment of other English colonies.
Colonial Period:
17th and 18th centuries. Development of distinct colonial societies, including the thirteen colonies that would eventually become the United States.
The American Revolution and Early Nation (1776-1860):
Revolution and the New Nation:
1754-1820. The American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the establishment of the United States Constitution.
New Nation:
1783-1815. The period following the Revolution, including the War of 1812.
Westward Expansion:
1801-1860. Manifest Destiny, the Louisiana Purchase, and the expansion of the US into the West.
National Expansion and Reform:
1815-1880. Focus on national identity, economic development, and reform movements like abolitionism.
Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877):
Civil War:
1861-1865. The war between the Union and the Confederacy, leading to the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the country.
Reconstruction:
1865-1877. The period after the Civil War, focused on rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved people into society.
Industrialization and the Progressive Era (1865-1920):
Industrial U.S.:
1870-1900. Rapid industrial growth, urbanization, and the rise of big business.
Progressive Era:
1890-1913. Reform movements addressing issues like corruption, inequality, and industrial abuses.
World War I, The Roaring Twenties, and the Great Depression (1914-1940):
World War I: 1914-1918. US involvement in the war, leading to a shift in global power.
Roaring Twenties: 1920s. Economic prosperity, cultural changes, and the Jazz Age.
Great Depression: 1929-1940. The stock market crash, widespread unemployment, and the Dust Bowl.
World War II and the Post-War Era (1941-1968):
World War II:
1941-1945. US involvement in the war, leading to victory over the Axis powers.
Post-War United States:
1945-1968. The Cold War, the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Vietnam War.
Modern Era (1968-Present):
Contemporary U.S.: 1968-2020 (and beyond). Continued social and political changes, technological advancements, and global involvement.
This is a broad outline. Within each of these eras, there are many significant events, people, and movements that shape American history.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States
=====
Canada's history timeline is marked by Indigenous presence, European exploration and colonization, Confederation, and the ongoing development of a distinct national identity. Key events include the arrival of Vikings around 1000 AD, European exploration starting in the 15th century, the establishment of New France, and the British conquest of New France in 1763. Confederation, uniting several British North American colonies, occurred in 1867. Further expansion and nation-building continued with the addition of new provinces and territories, the development of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and participation in both World Wars.
Here's a more detailed look:
Early History and Indigenous Presence:
Pre-15th Century: Indigenous peoples have inhabited the land for millennia, with various nations and cultures developing across the continent.
1000 AD: Viking explorer Leif Ericson is believed to have reached Newfoundland.
15th Century: European exploration begins, with John Cabot (Italian) visiting Newfoundland in 1497.
European Colonization:
16th Century:
French explorer Jacques Cartier explores the St. Lawrence River, laying the groundwork for French claims in North America.
17th Century:
France establishes the colony of New France, including settlements like Quebec City and Montreal.
18th Century:
The British gain control of Acadia (Nova Scotia) and other territories following the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). The British defeat France in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War), leading to the cession of New France in 1763.
1775-1783:
The American Revolution leads to the influx of Loyalists into British North America, shaping the demographics and political landscape.
Confederation and Nation Building:
1867:
The British North America Act unites Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into the Dominion of Canada.
1870-1949:
Further provinces and territories join Canada, including Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nunavut.
1885:
The Canadian Pacific Railway is completed, linking the east and west and facilitating westward expansion.
20th Century:
Canada participates in both World Wars, developing a stronger sense of national identity and autonomy.
1982:
Canada adopts its own constitution, further solidifying its independence from Britain.
Ongoing Development:
Multiculturalism and Indigenous Issues: Canada continues to grapple with issues of multiculturalism, reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, and its role in the global community.
Canada Day: Celebrates the anniversary of Confederation on July 1st.
Ref. 1605. French colonists under Samuel de Champlain establish the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada at Po
. — 1867 - British North America Act unites Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the Dominion of Canada. 1867...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history
=====
=====
KOREA
1945 (after liberation)
15 August. The surrender of Japan and the liberation of Korea. The Korean peninsula is haphazardly divided along the 38th parallel into the Soviet Civil Administration (SCA) in the North and the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) in the South.[186]
3 September. The head of the Pyongyang branch of the Communist Party of Korea, Hyŏn Chun-hyŏk, is assassinated, likely by the right-wing terrorist group Daedongdan.[187]
6 September. Before both trusteeships are well-established, Lyuh Woon-hyung establishes an independent People's Republic of Korea that incorporates both left- and right-leaning politicians. However, its activities are quickly suppressed and it never gains recognition from either the USSR or US.[188]
19 September. Kim Il Sung returns to the Korean peninsula with the Soviets.[189]
10 October. The League of Koreans in Japan is established.[190]
December. At the Moscow Conference, negotiations to reunify Korea fail. Instead, Korea is placed under a four-way trusteeship, by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China for five years. This leads to protest and anger in the Korean peninsula.[101]
1946
4 January. Cho Man-sik, Kim's main rival for leadership in the North, is removed from office and placed under house arrest by the Soviets.[191]
8 February. The Provisional People's Committee of North Korea is established, and Kim Il Sung is made its chairman. While it supposedly represents all political groups in the North, it is dominated by the Soviet-backed Communist Party.[192]
1 July. North Korea creates its first film: Our Construction.[193][194]
December. A coalition is made in the North among all major political parties, including representatives of left-leaning parties in the South. This coalition is again dominated by the Communists.[195]
1947
Hyundai is established, initially as a construction company.
19 July. Lyuh Woon-hyung, whom some Americans had been eyeing as a more moderate alternative candidate for leadership in the South,[196] is assassinated by a member of the far-right terrorist group the White Shirts Society.[197]
14 November. The United Nations passes General Assembly Resolution 112, which creates the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea.[198] The Soviets dispute the authority of the commission and ignore it.[199]
1948
April. Protests occur in Jeju that lead to the Jeju Uprising and are violently suppressed by 1949.[200][199] The estimated death toll is uncertain, but a significant portion (up to 30%) of the population is killed.[201] This event and its aftermath significantly threaten the Jeju language,[202] which as of 2023, is considered critically endangered.[203]
10 May. Despite significant controversy, elections for the National Assembly are held in South Korea, and Syngman Rhee becomes its chair.[199]
15 August. Establishment of South Korea with Syngman Rhee as president.[204]
9 September. Establishment of North Korea with Kim Il Sung as premier.[204]
October. The Yeosu–Suncheon rebellion occurs. While being shipped off to Jeju to suppress the unrest, left-leaning soldiers launch a rebellion in South Jeolla Province. Thousands are killed.[201]
20 November. The South Korean National Assembly passes the National Security Law. The law has been consistently criticized for its broad scope and historical use by South Korean dictatorships to quash political resistance.[201]
1949: 26 June. Kim Ku is murdered in his home by Ahn Doo-hee. The exact motives behind the murder still remain unclear.[205]
1950 (before Korean War)
30 January.[206] After months of negotiations, Stalin finally relents to Kim's requests to launch an invasion of the South, but makes it conditional on whether Kim can convince Mao to support the effort.[207][208]
April. Mao agrees to support Kim in the invasion.[207][208]
Korean War
See also: Korean War
Animated map of the Korean War
1950
25 June. The Korean War begins with a surprise attack from the North. While minor border skirmishes had happened prior to the war, they are not comparable in scale of the invasion the North launches. The First Battle of Seoul begins with the deaths of hundreds of civilians; Seoul falls within a few days.[209]
7 July. The UN Security Council creates the United Nations Command under the United States to support the South. Over the following years, tens of thousands of soldiers from a number of countries fight for the South.[210]
26 to 29 July. The No Gun Ri massacre occurs. Unarmed South Korean civilians near the village of Nogeun-ri are deliberately killed by the US Army; the death toll and cause of the massacre is disputed.[211]
August. UN forces are driven back to the south-east corner of the Korean Peninsula ("The Pusan Perimeter").[212]
September. The Battle of Inchon occurs after UN Troops make a surprise amphibious landing on the west coast. Despite the death toll, the UN resolution's original goal of returning to the status quo borders, and the concerns of the US's allies that China or the USSR could enter the war, MacArthur and Rhee decide to push North and reunify the peninsula. The UN approves this on 7 October, and troops move North on 9 October. This prompts the Chinese to begin planning a counteroffensive.[213]
19 October. Chinese forces as the People's Volunteer Army under Peng Dehuai secretly enter the North.[214]
27 November. Chinese forces launch a massive offensive from the North, which puts the UN and ROK forces into a full retreat.[212]
6 December. The Chinese retake Pyongyang.[214]
December. The National Defense Corps incident begins and lasts until February 1951. The Rhee government drafts hundreds of thousands of civilians into a militia, but fail to provide them adequate supplies. Tens of thousands die or disappear.[214][215]
1951
4 January. The North and China take Seoul.[214]
31 January the UNSC votes unanimously to cease interest in the conflict, per UNSC Resolution 90.
15 March. Seoul is retaken by the ROK and UN Forces.[214]
July. Armistice talks begin. While the establishment of a demilitarized zone and the creation of an armistice commission are agreed on, the talks stall on the issue of prisoner exchanges. Over the following two years of more stalled talks, the US and UN Forces drop more bombs on North Korea than the Allies did on Germany and Japan in World War II. Both the North and the South commit atrocities against their own citizens and civilians on the other side. Over a million and up to two million Koreans die.[216]
1953
January. The South Korean newsreel Korean News is established. It serves as an arm of the South Korean government until it closes in 1994.[217]
27 July. The Korean War is halted by the Korean Armistice Agreement that has remained in force until now.
Modern period
See also: History of South Korea and History of North Korea
1954: December 10 and 26. The Busan Yongdusan fires destroy numerous shanty buildings and more than 3,400 historic relics that had been moved to Busan for safekeeping, including historic portraits of Joseon kings.[218][219]
1955: May. Chongryon, an association for Koreans in Japan that are aligned with North Korea, is created.[220]
1956
April. Chongryon assists in establishing the North Korean-aligned Korea University in Tokyo.
September. The August Faction Incident occurs, in which pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese North Koreans attempt to purge Kim Il Sung. Kim then conducts a counter-purge.
1960: A student uprising begins the April Revolution which overthrows the First Republic of South Korea. Syngman Rhee resigns and goes into exile.
1961
16 May. The May 16 coup occurs, in which General Park Chung Hee overthrows the Second Republic of Korea.
12 November. Summit conference for normalization of Korean-Japanese relations.
1962
January. Start of the first Five-Year Plan of South Korea.[221]
12 October. The Sino-Korean Border Agreement is signed, beginning the process of establishing the modern border between China and North Korea. The process finishes with the agreement's 1964 companion, the Protocols on the Sino–Korean Border.[222]
1964: South Korea joins the Vietnam War.
1965: 22 June. The signing of Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea. Earned both much controversy and procurement of budgets for later economic developments.
1966: The World Bank organizes the International Economic Consultative Organization for Korea
1967: Start of the second five-year plan.
1968
January. The Blue House raid, an unsuccessful attempt of North Korean commandos to assassinate South Korean president Park Chung Hee occurs.
April. In retaliation for the Blue House raid, a South Korean group is created (Unit 684) to assassinate Kim Il Sung, but the group eventually mutinies on 23 August.
1 April. Establishment of the Pohang Iron and Steel Company (now "POSCO").
5 December. Proclamation of the National Education Charter.
1970
22 April. Start of the Saemaul Undong.
Gyeongbu Expressway is completed and opened to traffic.
1972
Start of the third five-year plan.
1972
12 August. The first Red Cross talks between North and South Korea are held.
1972
President Park Chung Hee declares emergency martial law and changes the constitution in August, which allows for him to become the permanent ruler.
1974: 15 August. The assassination of first lady Yuk Young-soo by North Korean sympathizer Mun Se-gwang.
1976
The Koreagate scandal breaks out in the United States.[223]
18 August. The Axe Murder Incident in Panmunjom, Joint Security Area. Triggers former North Korean leader Kim Il Sung's first official apology to the South.
12 October. Discontinuation of rice imports, the accomplishment of total self-sufficiency in rice by the 'Unification Rice'.
1977
Start of the fourth five-year plan
22 December. Celebration of achievement of 10 billion dollars gained by exports.
1978: 26 October. Detection of the 3rd tunnel. Made by North Korea to attack South Korea.
1978: 10 December. Achievement of 1,117 US dollars as GNP.
1979
American president Jimmy Carter visits Korea. Threatens Park by stating he would reduce the US forces in Korea if he does not stop the ongoing Nuclear Weapons Development project.
26 October. The assassination of Park Chung Hee.
1979: The Coup d'état of December Twelfth sees Chun Doo-hwan seize power.
1980: Gwangju Uprising. Martial law is declared throughout the nation. The city of Gwangju becomes a battleground between dissenters and the Armed Forces (18–27 May). The official death toll was set at 200 people but some reports claim over 1000 casualties.
1985: A South Korean expedition team becomes the first Koreans to set foot in Antarctica.[224][225]
1987: The June Democratic Struggle begins, which eventually overthrows the autocratic Fifth Republic of South Korea. The ruling party of Fifth Republic, Democratic Justice Party, then declares democratic elections.
1988
17 February. The King Sejong Station becomes the first South Korean research station in Antarctica.[226]
17 September – 2 October. The 24th Olympic Games are held in Seoul. This event has since become viewed as a watershed moment that showcased South Korea's rapid economic development to the world.[227]
1990: 11 September. South Korea and the USSR establish diplomatic relations.
1991
17 September. North Korea (DPRK) and South Korea (ROK) join the United Nations (UN).
26 December. The end of the Cold War as the Soviet Union collapses and North Korea loses military and economic aid.
1992
11 August. South Korea's first satellite, KITSAT-1, a.k.a. 우리별 (Uri Byol) is successfully launched from Guiana Space Centre.
24 August. South Korea and the People's Republic of China (PRC) establish diplomatic relations.
1993: Test of Rodong-1, a single-stage, mobile liquid propellant medium-range ballistic missile by the North Korea.
1994
8 October. Kim Jong Il becomes leader of North Korea upon the death of his father.[228]
21 October. The Seongsu Bridge disaster occurs in Seoul.[229]
Start of the North Korean famine, which ends in 1998.[230]
1995: 29 June. The Sampoong Department Store collapses in Seoul.[231]
1996: The Central Government Building, formerly known as the Government-General of Chōsen Building, begins to be demolished.[159]
1997: Asian Financial Crisis (or "IMF Crisis" as it was called in Korea) shakes Korea
1998
Taepodong-1, a two-stage intermediate-range ballistic missile is developed and tested by the DPRK. End of the Arduous March. It is possible that up to 3.5 million people did not survive the 'march'.
The Shimonoseki Trial, the first ever lawsuit against the Japanese government by comfort women or forced laborers by Koreans, ends with the denial of compensation for the three women.[232][233]
1999: The DPRK promises to freeze long-range missile tests.
2002
14 January – 19 March. TV series Winter Sonata achieves significant international viewership in the Philippines and Japan, bolstering the growing Korean Wave.[234]
The 2002 FIFA World Cup jointly held by Korea & Japan. South Korea national football team reaches the semi-finals for the first time in Korean football history.
9 December. The National Women's History Exhibition Hall opens in Seoul, making it the first women's history museum in South Korea. It later moves to Goyang.[235]
2004
The DPRK reaffirms moratorium.
21 November. Gurudwara Shri Singh Sabha Sahib is established, making it the first Sikh gurdwara in Korea.[236]
2005: The DPRK fires short-range missile into the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
2006: Test of Taepodong-2 by DPRK, a successor of Taepodong-1.There is a nuclear test in the DPRK. US officials assert it might have been a misfire.
2007: The second summit between DPRK and ROK leaders is held, with Roh Moo-hyun representing the south and Kim Jong Il the north. The DPRK fires short-range missile into the Sea of Japan.
2008: 8 April. A Korean woman, Yi So-yeon, becomes the first Korean to fly to outer space.[237]
2009
North Korea launches a rocket (Unha), supposedly for space exploration.
The DPRK conducts another nuclear test.
2010: North Korea launches missile and attacks Korean Pohang-class corvette, ROKS Cheonan. 46 Korean soldiers die because of the attack. At November, North Korean army rains artillery fire on Yeon-Pyeong-Do island.
2011: Kim Jong Il dies, Kim Jong Un takes over as the Supreme Leader of North Korea. The National Intelligence Service accuses pro-unification lawmakers of being spies. One of the members was a former Democratic Party representative. In a move indicative of the heavy-handedness of the Park regime, the party is outlawed and key party members are imprisoned.
2012
13 April. The Kim Regime of the DPRK tested a rocket, officially called "Unha-3", an expendable launch system developed from the Soviet Scud rockets. The rocket was to send a satellite, called "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3", into orbit. The rocket failed to launch the satellite and fell into the Yellow Sea. The mission ultimately ended in complete failure.
12 December. DPRK has successful launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 it was launched from the Sohae Satellite Launching Ground. A South Korean military official cited 3 stage success. DPRK confirmed.
19 December. Park Geun-hye, a daughter of Park Chung Hee, is elected as first female and the 11th president of South Korea.
2013: 12 December. North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un, executes his uncle and major North Korean politician, Jang Song-thaek.[238]
2014: 16 April. Sinking of MV Sewol, where 304 people, mostly students, die.[239][240]
2016: 9 December. President Park Geun-hye is impeached.[241]
2017
10 March. The court upheld the impeachment in a unanimous 8–0 decision, removing Park from office.
10 May. Moon Jae-In is sworn into office immediately after official votes were counted on 10 May, replacing Acting President and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-Ahn.[242]
2019: 21 May. The South Korean film Parasite premieres at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, and becomes the first Korean film to win the top prize.[243] At the 2020 Academy Awards, it becomes the first Korean film to receive any recognition from the academy, and the first non–English language film to win Best Picture.[244]
2021: 17 September. Premiere of the TV series Squid Game, which becomes an international sensation with hundreds of millions of viewers around the world.[245]
2022
10 May. Yoon Suk Yeol is sworn into office, succeeding former President Moon Jae-in.
5 July. American mathematician of Korean descent June Huh is awarded the Fields Medal, which is considered the most prestigious award in mathematics. He is the first ethnic Korean to receive the award.[246]
29 October. Seoul Halloween crowd crush, 159 people are killed and another 197 injured in the deadliest accident since the sinking of the Sewol.[247]
2024:
2 January. Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung is stabbed in an assassination attempt[248] in Busan.[249]
3 December. In the evening, President Yoon Suk Yeol declares martial
=====
***** ABOUT KOREA *****
The Korean Wave (Hangul: 한류; hanja: 韓流; RR: Hallyu; MR: Hallyu)
is a neologism referring to the increase in the popularity of South Korean culture since the late 1990s. The term was originally coined in mid-1999 by Beijing journalists who were surprised by China's growing appetite for South Korean cultural exports. They subsequently referred to this new phenomenon as "Hánliú" (韓流), which literally means "flow of Korea".
First driven by the spread of K-dramas televised across East and Southeast Asia during its initial stages, the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon due to the proliferation of Korean pop (K-pop) music videos on YouTube.[5] Currently, the spread of the Korean Wave to other regions of the world is most visibly seen among teenagers and young adults in Latin America, Northeast India, the Middle East, North Africa, and immigrant enclaves of the Western world.
The growing acceptance of South Korean pop culture as a valid form of entertainment in many parts of the world has prompted the government of South Korea t
=====
=====
WORLD HISTORY
General knowledge history timeline https://brief-history-of-the-world.fandom.com/wiki/Timeline_of_World_History#Post-Cold_War_Era_(1991_%E2%80%94_present)
Time Events
10000 BCE Middle East people domesticated goats and dogs.
9500 BCE Settled farming began.
6000 BCE Copper was discovered.
5000 BCE Sumerian civilization evolved between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Later it became popular as Mesopotamia (present day Iraq).
5000 BCE First calendar of 365 days, 12 months, and 30 days invented.
3500 BCE Bronze was discovered in Egypt.
3100 BCE First dynasty of Egypt.
3000 BCE Early writing.
2600 BCE Indus Valley civilization.
2560 BCE Great Pyramid of Giza.
2000 – 1200 BCE Iron Age.
1800 BCE Alphabetic writing appeared.
1700 BCE End of Indus Valley Civilization.
1400 BCE Water clock is invented in Egypt.
1027 BCE In China, Chou dynasty began.
850 BCE Homer had written the epic “Iliad and Odyssey”.
776 BCE Olympic Games first recorded.
753 BCE City of Rome was established by Romulus.
653 BCE Rise of Persian Empire.
600 BCE Sixteen Maha Janapadas emerged in India.
586 BCE The First Temple in Jerusalem (Solomon's Temple) was destroyed by the Babylonians.
550 BCE Pythagoras (Greek scholar) studied the movements of celestial bodies and mathematics.
509 BCE Founding of Roman Republic after exclusion of the last Roman King.
508 BCE Democracy introduced at Athens.
500 BCE Panini standardized the Sanskrit grammar and its morphology in the text Ashtadhyayi.
500 BCE Pingala learned the uses of zero and binary numeral system.
499 BCE Greco-Persian Wars.
490 BCE Battle of Marathon.
338 BCE In the Battle of Chaeronea, the king Philip II, defeated the combined forces of the Greek city-states Athens and Thebes.
337 BCE Philip II had created a strong and unified nation in Macedonia. He hired Aristotle (the Philosopher) to tutor his son, Alexander.
336 BCE Philip II was assassinated and Alexander became king.
331 BCE In the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia.
326 BCE In the Battle of the Hydaspes River, Alexander the Great defeated Indian king Porus
323 BCE Death of Alexander at Babylon
300 BCE The Great Pyramid of Cholula constructed
221 BCE Qin Shi Huang unified China and the beginning of Imperial rule (in China)
221 BCE The Qin Dynasty began the construction of the Great Wall of China
206 BCE After the death of Qin Shi Huang, Han Dynasty established in China
200 BCE Paper is invented in China
124 BCE China's Imperial University was established
111 BCE First Chinese domination of Việtnam as the Nanyue Kingdom
4 BCE Birth of Jesus Christ (Widely accepted date)
Common Era (CE)
29 CE Jesus Christ crucified
70 CE The armies of Titus destructed Jerusalem
78 CE Origin of Saka Era in India
79 CE Mount Vesuvius erupted and destructed Pompeii and other towns (in Italy)
220 CE After the fall of Han Dynasty, three Kingdoms period begins in China
378 CE The Germanic tribes defeated Roman army in the battle of Adrianople
570 CE Prophet Mohammed (the founder of Muslim religion) born
581 CE Sui Dynasty came in China
613 CE Muhammad had commenced preaching publicly in his hometown, Mecca
622 CE Muhammad Migrated from Mecca to Medina
623 CE Muhammad abandoned Saturday as the Sabbath and made Friday as special day of the week
632 CE Muhammad died
660 CE The Quran, the holy book, was published for the first time
793 CE Scandinavians approached the island of Lindisfarne, Scotland by boat and they attacked monks and robbed their monastery. It is the first recorded raid by the Vikings
800 CE Gunpowder was invented
1050 CE An ancient tool of navigation namely The astrolabe” was first used in Europe
1077 CE Construction of the London Tower began
1117 CE The University of Oxford is established
1150 CE The University of Paris is established
1199 CE Europeans first used compasses
1209 CE The University of Cambridge is established
1215 CE John of England sealed the “Magna Carta”
1298 CE Marco Polo published his itinerary of China, along with Rustichello da Pisa.
1299 CE Osman I established the Ottoman Empire
1347 CE The Black Death withered Europe for the first (of many times). In the first year, an estimated 20 to 40% of the population was thought to have perished.
1389 CE Battle of Kosovo (in Serbia)
1397 CE The Medici bank was established in Florence
1461 CE King Loius XI of France started postal service
1492 CE Christopher Columbus discovered a route going to the New World (i.e. Caribbean Islands and America)
1498 CE Vasco da Gama arrived India
1503 CE Leonardo da Vinci started making the painting of Mona Lisa; however, completed after three years
1506 CE Christopher Columbus died in Valladolid, Spain
1632 CE The city of Boston is founded
1636 CE Harvard University is established in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
1652 CE Dutch East India Company founded the city Cape Town in South Africa
1666 CE The Great Fire of London
1683 CE China conquered the Kingdom of Tungning and annexes Taiwan
1687 CE Isaac Newton published “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”
1694 CE The Bank of England is established
1697 CE The earliest known first-class cricket match had taken place in Sussex
1710 CE The world's first copyright legislation, Britain's Statute of Anne (also known as Copyright Act 1709), took effect
1724 CE Japan began successful forest management reform and subsequently timber cutting was reduced
1765 CE In France, a twenty-eight volume of encyclopedia was completed
1776 CE In USA, second Continental Congress meeting and declaration of independence July 4)
1781 CE The Spanish settlers founded the city of Los Angeles
1783 CE In USA, King George declared the thirteen colonies as "free and independent”
1783 CE In USA, based on the state's 1780 constitution, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts ruled slavery illegal
1785 CE Napoleon Bonaparte became a lieutenant in the French artillery
1787 CE The United States Constitution is written in Philadelphia and submitted to the states for ratification
1787 CE The slaves freed from London established Freetown (West Africa) i.e. present-day Sierra Leone
1795 CE The first graphite pencils were used
1789–1799 CE French Revolution
1797 CE Napoleon's invasion and partition of the Republic of Venice ended over 1,000 years of independence of the Serene Republic
1801 CE Napoleon (of France) defeated Austria
1804 CE Haiti attained its independence from France and became the first black republic
1805 CE In Milan (Italy), Napoleon was crowned as the King of Italy
1805 CE In the Battle of Austerlitz, Napoleon decisively defeated an Austrian-Russian army
1814 CE Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba.
1815 CE Napoleon escaped; however, he was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo (in June) and exiled to Saint Helena Island
1820 CE Discovery of Antarctica
1821 CE Napoleon Bonaparte died (at Saint Helena Island, where he was exiled)
1823 CE Monroe Doctrine was declared by US President James Monroe
1825 CE The two railway station at Stockton and Darlington (the first public railway in the world) was opened
1833 CE Slavery Abolition Act banned slavery throughout the British Empire
1835 CE Vaccination became mandatory in Britain
1838 CE Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolutionary selection and specialization
1840 CE New Zealand is established, as the Treaty of Waitangi is signed between the Māori and British
1841 CE Richard Owen, first time, used the word "dinosaur"
1842 CE First time Anaesthesia was used
1845-49 CE The Irish Potato Famine that lead to the Irish diaspora
1848-58 CE California Gold Rush
1848 CE Karl Marx wrote Communist Manifesto
1849 CE Roman Republic's constitutional law became the first to abolish capital punishment
1854 CE Crimean War (fought between Russia and Turkey)
1856 CE World's first oil refinery founded in Romania
1859-69 CE Suez Canal constructed
1859 CE The first successful oil well was drilled in northern Pennsylvania (USA)
1859 CE John Tyndall, the British scientist, described the concept that the carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor trapping heat in the atmosphere. Further, he suggested that the changing in the concentration of gases could bring climate change
1861 CE Russia abolished serfdom
1861-65 CE American Civil War, took place between the Union and seceding Confederacy
1862 CE The first paper money was issued in the United States
1865 CE President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated
1868 CE Michael Barrett was the last person to be publicly hanged in England
1869 CE Dmitri Mendeleev created Periodic table
1869 CE The Suez Canal route opened that linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
1871 CE Royal Albert Hall opened in London
1872 CE The first National Park i.e. Yellowstone National Park, is established
1886 CE Burma was presented to Queen Victoria as a birthday gift
1886 CE Karl Benz sold the first commercial automobile
1887 CE Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published his first Sherlock Holmes story, ‘A Study in Scarlet’
1889 CE Eiffel Tower is inaugurated in Paris
1891 CE The German government initiated the first public old-age pension scheme
1892 CE For the first time, Fingerprinting was officially adopted.
1893 CE New Zealand became the first country to enact women's suffrage
1894 CE First commercial film was released by Jean Aimé Le Roy
1896 CE Olympic Games revived in Athens, Greece
1898 CE Britain obtained a 99-year lease of Hong Kong from China
1900 CE Hawaii became an official USA territory
1901 CE In Stockholm (Sweden), the first Nobel Prize ceremony was held
1901 CE Theodore Roosevelt become the youngest President of the United States
1904 CE Russian Japanese War
1905 CE Albert Einstein's formulation of relativity
1908 CE First commercial radio transmissions
1911 CE Xinhai Revolution in China overthrows the Qing Dynasty
1912 CE End of the Chinese Empire and Republic of China established
1912 CE First Balkan War began
1912 CE Woodrow Wilson elected as the 28th President of the United States
1913 CE Second Balkan War and Treaty of Bucharest too place
1914 CE Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo that triggered the World War I
1914 CE Panama Canal opened
1915 CE First use of poison gas at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and Second Battle of Ypres
1916 CE The implementation of daylight saving time system
1917 CE Russian Revolution ended the Russian Empire
1917 CE The United States joined the Allies (countries) for the last 17 months of World War I
1918 CE End of World War I
1918 CE Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus declared their independence from Russia.
1919 CE Treaty of Versailles redrew European borders.
1919 CE League of Nations founded in Paris.
1920 CE Greece restores its monarchy after a referendum.
1920 CE International Court of Justice founded at Hague in the Netherlands.
1921 CE Adolf Hitler became Führer (guide, leader) of the Nazi Party.
1922 CE The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished Ottoman Sultanate.
1923 CE Time Magazine was published first time
1923 CE Turkish War of Independence ended and Kemal Atatürk became the first President of the newly established Republic of Turkey. Capital was moved from Istanbul to Ankara
1924 CE Death of Vladimir Lenin (of Russia); rise of Stalin.
1924 CE The Caliphate was abolished by Kemal Atatürk.
1924 CE The US Federal Bureau of Investigation established under J Edgar Hoover.
1925 CE Benito Mussolini gains dictatorial powers in Italy and adopted the title of ‘Duce’.
1925 CE Mein Kampf (an autobiography of the National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler) was published.
1927 CE Joseph Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union.
1927 CE The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland officially became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
1927 CE The BBC was granted a Royal Charter in the United Kingdom.
1928 CE Mickey Mouse was created at the Walt Disney Studio.
1929 CE Wall Street crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression
1929 CE Vatican City has given the status of a sovereign State.
1929 CE Saint Valentine's Day Massacre.
1930 CE First FIFA World Cup hosted
1931 CE Construction of the Empire State Building
1931 CE Statute of Westminster created the British Commonwealth of Nations
1931 CE Japan invaded Manchuria (China) and occupied it until the end of World War II
1932 CE Franklin D Roosevelt is elected President of the United States
1932 CE The Nazi party became the largest single party in the German parliament
1933 CE Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany
1935 CE Persia became Iran
1937 CE Japanese invaded China
1937 CE The Irish Republican Army attempted to assassinate King George VI of the UK
1938 CE Munich agreement that handed over Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany
1939 CE Nazi invasion of Poland that triggered the beginning of World War II
1940 CE Nazis invaded France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway
1940 CE Soviet Union annexes the Baltic states
1940 CE Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1941 CE Attack on Pearl Harbor that forced the USA to join World War II
1941 CE Hitler invaded the Soviet Union
1943 CE Battle of Stalingrad ended with over two million casualties and the retreat of the German Army
1943 CE Tehran Conference participated by Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin; all agreed to launch Operation Overlord.
1943 CE Green Revolution began.
1944 CE Chechen insurgency ended with deportation of the entire Chechen population.
1944 CE First operational electronic computer, Colossus, introduced
1944 CE D Day (Military terms associated with Invasion of Normandy)
1945 CE Battle of Berlin
1945 CE Yalta Conference
1945 CE Atomic bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan)
1945 CE End of World War II in Europe. The Holocaust ends after (about) 12 million deaths
1945 CE Death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Benito Mussolini
1945 CE Potsdam Conference (World War II) divided Europe into Western and Soviet blocs
1945 CE United Nations founded
1946 CE First images had been taken of the Earth from space
1948 CE Beginning of apartheid in South Africa
1948 CE Division of North and South Korea
1949 CE Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
1949 CE Germany partitioned as the Soviet socialist German Democratic Republic and the NATO-backed Federal Republic of Germany
1949 CE Establishment of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong
1951 CE Treaty of San Francisco terminated the Occupation of Japan and formally concluded hostilities between Japan and the US
1952 CE Egyptian Revolution under Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King Farouk and terminated British occupation
1953 CE Stalin died
1954 CE First time, the Soviet Union generated the electricity by nuclear power
1955 CE Warsaw Pact signed
1957 CE Beginning of the Space Age with the launch of Sputnik I
1958 CE NASA, the US Federal Aviation Authority and Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) established
1959 CE Cuban Revolution
1962 CE Cuban missile crisis
1962 CE Sino-Indian War
1963 CE Assassination of John F Kennedy
1965 CE Deaths of Winston Churchill
1968 CE Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy assassinated while the Poor People's Campaign
1969 CE Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris of Libya in a Coup d'état and established the Libyan Arab Republic
1973 CE First space station, Skylab, was launched
1975 CE First Cricket World Cup hosted
1976 CE First outbreak of the Ebola virus
1978 CE Birth of the first test-tube baby
1979 CE Margaret Thatcher became the Prime Minister of the UK
1985 CE Mikhail Gorbachev became Premier of the Soviet Union
1985 CE First use of DNA fingerprinting
1986 CE Chernobyl disasters
1989 CE Fall of the Berlin Wall
1990 CE Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW)
1990 CE Gulf War began
1990 CE After 27 years of imprisonment, Nelson Mandela released
1991 CE Gulf War ended after US withdrawal and failed uprising
1991 CE Dissolution of the Soviet Union and subsequent independence of 15 former Soviet republics
1991 CE Boris Yeltsin became the first President of the Russian Federation
1991 CE The first Website has been put online and made available to the public
1992 CE Maastricht Treaty created the European Union
1993 CE Velvet divorce between Czech Republic and Slovakia
1994 CE End of apartheid in South Africa and subsequent election of Nelson Mandela the great leader
1994 CE Opening of the Channel Tunnel
1995 CE Establishment of the World Trade Organization
1997 CE Transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from UK to China
1997 CE Diana, Princess of Wales, was killed in a car accident in Paris, France
1998 CE Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin
1999 CE Euro is introduced
2001 CE Terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center in New York City and damaged the Pentagon in Washington, DC
2001 CE Wikipedia founded.
2003 CE Iraq War began that triggered worldwide protests.
2003 CE The space shuttle, Columbia, collapsed (while landing) nearby Texas (USA); all the seven astronauts (including Indian astronaut Kalpana Chawla) died in the accident.
2005 CE Angela Merkel became Germany's first woman Chancellor.
2006 CE Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the President of Liberia. She was the first elected female head of state in Africa.
2006 CE Execution of Saddam Hussein.
2008 CE Stock markets plunge across the world.
2008 CE Monarchy system terminated in Nepal.
2009 CE The world's tallest skyscraper, Burj Khalifa (in Dubai), has been built.
2010 The largest oil spill in US history occurred in the Gulf of Mexico.
2011 CE Osama bin Laden, Muammar Gaddafi, and Kim Jong-Il were killed.
2011 CE Iraq War ended.
2013 CE Deaths of Hugo Chávez, Nelson Mandela, and Margaret Thatcher.
2015 CE United States and Cuba resumed diplomatic relations.
2016
The United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union, beginning Brexit.
2019
First image of a black hole.
CRISPR, an early gene editing technology, is medically used for the first time to treat people with sickle cell disease.
2020
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic begins, leading to economic collapse, supply shortages, quarantines, societal changes, medical misinformation, and nearly 800 million confirmed cases.
The death of George Floyd leads to Black Lives Matter protests across the United States, and soon after across the world, against police brutality and systemic racism.
2021
The James Webb Space Telescope is launched, replacing the Hubble Space Telescope and allowing for better exploration of the cosmos.
United States forces leave Afghanistan, ending the War on Terror.
2022
Russia invades Ukraine and occupies southern regions of Ukraine in one of the worst humanitarian crises of the 21st century.
The human population reaches 8 billion.
2023
7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel sparks further conflict and crimes against humanity in the middle east.
as a tool for soft power. Ultimately, the government hopes that the acceptance of South Korean culture in foreign countries would be reciprocated by an embracement of foreign cultures among South Koreans, thus realizing the ideals of a bidirectional flow of culture, goods and ideas in order to achieve the following goals
=====
=====
Korea, called Hanguk (Korean: 한국; Hanja: 韓國) in South Korea and Chosŏn (Korean: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮) in North Korea,
is an East Asian territory that is divided into two distinct sovereign states, North Korea (aka, DPRK or Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and South Korea (aka, ROK or Republic of Korea). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea. Refer to the talk page. The adoption of the Chinese writing system ("Hanja" in Korean) in the 2nd century BC and the introduction of Buddhism in the 4th century AD had profound effects on the Three Kingdoms of Korea, which was first united during the Silla (57 BC – AD 935) under the King Munmu. The united Silla fell to Goryeo in 935 at the end of the Later Three Kingdoms. Goryeo was a highly cultured state and created the Jikji in the 14th century. The invasions by the Mongolians in the 13th century, however, greatly weakened the nation, which was forced to become a tributary state. After the Mongol Empire's collapse, severe political strife followed. The Ming-allied Joseon emerged supreme in 1388.
=====
The first 200 years of Joseon were marked by relative peace and saw the creation of the Korean Hangul alphabet by King Sejong the Great in the 14th century and the increasing influence of Confucianism. During the later part of the dynasty, however, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname of the "Hermit kingdom". By the late 19th century, the country became the object of the colonial designs by Japan. In 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan and remained a colony until the end of World War II in August 1945.
In 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed on the surrender of Japanese forces in Korea in the aftermath of World War II, leaving Korea partitioned along the 38th parallel, with the north under Soviet occupation and the south under U.S. occupation. These circumstances soon became the basis for the division of Korea by the two superpowers, exacerbated by their inability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. The two Cold War rivals then established governments centered around their own respective ideologies, leading to Korea's division into two political entities: North Korea and South Korea.
=====
The traditional culture of Korea refers to the shared cultural heritage of the Korean Peninsula
originating from the early Korean nomadic tribes to the extensive influence of 9,000 years of ancient Chinese culture to modern times. Since the mid-20th century, the peninsula has been split politically between North and South Korea, resulting in a number of cultural differences. Before Joseon Dynasty, the practice of Korean shamanism was deeply rooted in the Korean culture.
Beliefs Main articles: Korean shamanism, Korean Buddhism and Korean Confucianism
The original religion of the Korean people was Shamanism, which though not as widespread as in ancient times,
still survives to this day. Female shamans or mudang are often called upon to enlist the help of various spirits to achieve various means.
=====
Buddhism and Confucianism were later introduced to Korea through cultural exchanges with Chinese dynasties. Buddhism was the official religion of the Goryeo dynasty, and many privileges were given to Buddhist monks during this period. However, the Joseon period saw the suppression of Buddhism, where Buddhist monks and temples were banned from the cities and confined to the countryside. In its place a strict form of Confucianism, which some see as even more strict than what had ever been adopted by the Chinese, became the official philosophy.
Throughout Korean history and culture, regardless of separation, the traditional beliefs of Korean Shamanism, Mahayana Buddhism and Confucianism have remained an underlying influence of the religion of the Korean people as well as a vital aspect of their culture.[19] In fact, all these traditions coexisted peacefully for hundreds of years. They still exist in the more Christian South and in the North, despite pressure from its government.
=====
Music[edit] Music of Korea Korean Music-Parade
There is a genre distinction between folk music and court music. Korean folk music is varied and complex, but all forms maintain a set of rhythms (called 장단; Jangdan) and a loosely defined set of melodic modes. Korean folk musics are Pansori (판소리) performed by one singer and one drummer. Occasionally, there might be dancers and narraters. They have been designated an intangible cultural property in UNESCO's Memory of the world,[15] and Pungmul (풍물) performed by drumming, dancing and singing. Samul Nori is a type of Korean traditional music based on Pungmul, and Sanjo (산조) that is played without a pause in faster tempos. Nongak (농악) means "farmers' music".
Korean court music can be traced to the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty in 1392. Korean court musics include A-ak, Dang-ak and Hyang-ak. Korean music is still played and sang a lot.
=====
Clothing Main article: Hanbok
Hwarot, bridal robe The traditional dress known as hanbok (한복, 韓服) (known as joseonot [조선옷] in the DPRK) has been worn since ancient times. The hanbok consists of a shirt (jeogori) and a skirt (chima). The traditional hat is called gwanmo and special meaning is attached to this piece of clothing.
According to social status, Koreans used to dress differently, making clothing an important mark of social rank. Impressive, but sometimes cumbersome, costumes were worn by the ruling class and the royal family. These upper classes also used jewellery to distance themselves from the ordinary people. A traditional item of jewellery for women was a pendant in the shape of certain elements[which?] of nature which was made of precious gemstones, to which a tassel of silk was connected.
======
Cuisine Main article: Korean cuisine
Bibimbap Rice is the staple food of Korea. Having been an almost exclusively agricultural country until recently, the essential recipes in Korea are shaped by this experience. The main crops in Korea are rice, barley, and beans, but many supplementary crops are used. Fish and other seafood are also important because Korea is a peninsula.
Fermented recipes were also developed in early times. These include pickled fish and pickled vegetables. This kind of food provides essential proteins and vitamins during the winter.
A number of dishes have been developed. These can be divided into ceremonial foods and ritual foods. Ceremonial foods are used when a child reaches 100 days, at the first birthday, at a wedding ceremony, and the sixtieth birthday. Ritual foods are used at funerals, at ancestral rites, shaman's offerings and as temple food.
A distinguishing characteristic of Temple Food is that it does not use the common five strong-flavoured ingredients of Korean cuisine--(garlic, spring onion, wild rocambole, leek, and ginger), and meat.
Kimchi is one of the famous foods of Korea. Kimchi is pickled vegetables which contain vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, iron, calcium, carotene, etc. There are many types of kimchi including cabbage kimchi, string onion kimchi, cucumber kimchi, radish kimchi, and sesame kimchi.
=======
*********** 한국의 역사 (위키백과) ***** 한국의 역사
선사 시대
구석기 시대
신석기 시대
청동기 시대 ------
고조선 시대 기원전 2333년? ~
기원전 108년 단군조선
위만조선 진국 (기원전 4세기 ~ 기원전 2세기) ------
원삼국 시대 - 부여 (기원전 2세기 ~ 494년) 옥저 동예 삼한(마한 • 진한 • 변한) ------
삼국 시대 가야 (42년 ~ 562년) 고구려 (기원전 37년 ~ 668년) 백제 (기원전 18년 ~ 660년) 신라 (기원전 57년 ~ 676년) ------
남북국 시대 통일신라(676년 ~ 892년)
발해(698년 ~ 926년) ------
후삼국 시대 신라(892년 ~ 935년) 후백제(892년 ~ 936년)
태봉(901년 ~ 918년) ------
통일 왕조기 고려(918년 ~ 1392년)
조선(1392년 ~ 1897년)
대한제국(1897년 ~ 1910년) ------
식민지 시대 일제 강점기(1910년 ~ 1945년) ------
대한민국 임시 정부(1919년 ~ 1948년) ------
분단 한국 군정기(1945년 ~ 1948년)
대한민국(1948년 ~ 현재)
조선민주주의인민공화국(1948년 ~ 현재)
=====
1. 한국 기독교의 발자취
1) 기독교의 성장배경
19세기 말 조선에서 � 선교사들의 선교활동이 시작된 이후 한국 개신교는 세계의 주목을 끌만큼 놀랍게 성장해왔다. 오늘날 4명중에서 1명은 개신교 신자일 정도로 한국 개신교는 양적으로나 질적으로 많은 발전을 해왔다.
이와 같은 개신교의 성장배경에 대해서 다양한 논의들이 있지만, 이런 논의들은 당시 개신교가 처해 있던 사회적 상황을 중심으로 볼 때 좀더 쉽게 이해될 수 있다. 그 뿐만 아니라 사회적 맥락에서 개신교의 성장을 이해하면 개신교 성장의 원인을 서구 선교사들이나 개신교 지도자들의 공로로 돌리는 엘리트중심주의적인 주장도 극복할 수 있다. 또한 개신교 자체 내에 성장할 수 있는 무엇이 있었다는 주관적인 판단에 빠질 위험성도 막을 수 있다.
2) 도입기…교육과 의료를 통한 간접적 선교
한국 개신교의 역사는 19세기 중반까지 거슬러 올라가지만, 본격적인 개신교의 활동은 한국의 문호가 개방되는 과정에서 들어온 선교사들로부터 시작된다. 선교사들이 한국을 처음 방문했을 무렵에 선교의 자유가 보장된 것은 아니었다. 따라서 선교사들은 직접적으로 선교하기보다는 학교와 병원 등을 통해서 간접적으로 선교하는 방식을 선택했다.
1884년 미국 북감리회의 맥클레이(R. S. Maclay)는 고종을 만나 병원설립과 학교설립에 대한 허가를 받았다. 당시 조선정부는 서구의 근대문명을 필요로 했기 때문에 병원과 학교의 설립을 허가했지만, 이는 선교사들에게 선교의 가능성을 열어주었다. 1884년 9월 22일에는 중국에 있던 미국 북장로회 소속의 선교사 알렌(H. N. Allen)이 주한미국공사 공의로 부임하였고, 1885년 4월에는 최초의 근대병원인 제중원(濟衆院)이 설립되었다.
1885년 4월 5일에는 한국 최초의 개신교 선교사들인 미국 북감리회의 아펜젤러(Henry G. Appenzeller) 부부와 미국 북장로회의 언더우드(H. G. Underwood)가 인천에 도착했다. 하지만, 당시 외국의 종교는 배척되는 분위기였기 때문에 이들은 처음부터 개신교의 복음을 선교할 수 없었다. 그래서 언더우드는 한국에 온 직후 미국 공사에게 "우리는 교육사업을 시작하고 어학을 연구하려 왔습니다. 우리가 한국어 연구생이자 교육사업가로서 미국의 국기 아래 보호를 받을 수 있겠습니까?....지금은 선교사업이 아니라 교육사업을 시작하려는데 어떤지요?"라는 편지를 썼다. 언더우드의 편지에는 직접적인 선교활동이 아니라 학교교육과 병원 등을 통해 간접적으로 선교하려는 자세가 나타나있다.
아펜젤러는 1885년 8월에 '배재학당'을 세워 최초의 근대교육의 문을 열어 놓았다. 이 학교는 1887년 6월 8일 고종이 직접 '배재'(培材)란 이름을 지어주었을 만큼 세간의 주목을 끌었다. 또 다른 감리교 선교사인 스크랜턴(M. F. Scranton)은 1886년 5월 30일에 정동에 여학당을 설립했는데, 이 학교는 1887년 명성황후의 사명(賜名)으로 '이화학당'(梨花學堂)으로 불리게 되었다. 우리나라 근대식 고등교육의 출발은 1886년 4월 29일 제중원의 의학부로 개설된 후 1899년 정식 의학교로 발전된 세브란스의학교이다. 이 학교는 최초의 의학교인 동시에 고등교육 기관이었다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.
3) 선교초기…근대 문명의 산파 역할
개신교를 통해 유입된 근대문명은 유교적 가치관과 사회질서에 묶여 있던 당시 사람들에게 새로운 세계에 대한 자각을 불러 일으켰다. 가난과 기근, 전염병과 문맹의 악순환에서 조선정부와 관리들은 문제를 해결의 실마리를 찾을 수 없었다. 또한 조선정부는 시시각각으로 다가오는 서구와 일본 제국주의의 침략이라는 상황에 놓여 있었다.
이런 상황에서 근대문명을 안고 들어온 개신교가 한국사회에 미치는 영향과 당시 사람들에게 미친 파급효과는 강력할 수밖에 없었다. 선교초기의 개신교는 당시 사람들에게 종교라기보다는 근대문명의 산파로 생각되었다. 결국 개신교로 인해 도입된 근대문명은 한국사회와 문화체계를 변화시키는 하나의 계기를 제공했다. 이광수는 개신교에 대해서 "개신교는 어두운 한국사회에 구미의 새로운 문명을 제일 먼저 도입하여 문명개화와 자유인권의 선구자가 되었다"고 평가했다. 개신교는 봉건사회에서 양반에 의해 억눌렸던 상인, 천민, 여성들에게 인권, 자유와 평등의 관념을 제공했던 것이다.
4) 일제시대…민족독립과 계몽운동의 근원지
선교 초기의 개신교가 봉건사회를 근대문명으로 이행시키는 산파 역할을 함으로써 성장의 기초를 마련했다면, 오늘날의 개신교는 일제시대를 거쳐 한국전쟁과 산업화로 이어지는 과정에서 성장의 위기와 극복이라는 혼란을 겪으면서 생존력을 키워왔다고 볼 수 있다.
일제시대에 개신교는 민족독립과 계몽운동의 근원지였다. 3.1 독립운동을 기점으로 많은 한국교회의 지도자들이 독립운동에 참여했다. 또한 개신교는 학교교육과 교회, 그리고 여러 단체를 통해 계몽활동을 전개하여 대중교육과 근대지식인의 양성에 심혈을 기울였다. 특히 개신교는 사람들에게 한글을 가르쳐서 문맹률을 낮추었고, 역사의식을 고취시켜 자칫 일제하에서 상실되기 쉬운 문화적 정체성의 유지에 기여했다.
5) 해방기…교세확장의 기회와 특권 획득
일제의 강압에 못 이겨 신사참배에 동조하고, 일본 정부의 통제 아래 단일한 교단으로 부속되는 위기 상황 속에서 개신교는 해방과 함께 새로운 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 종교문화의 측면에서 볼 때, 개신교는 그 동안 계몽과 근대의 깃발을 휘두르며 전통종교와 민간신앙과 긴장관계를 형성해왔다. 많은 민간신앙을 미신과 사이비종교라고 비판하는 동시에 전통종교가 근대화에 적응하지 못했던 ??
Google World Map 구글세계지도 https://canadakorea.ca/bbs/board.php?bo_table=cki_world&wr_id=5&page=2
=====
WORLD HUMAN HISTORY
Prehistory (c. ? – c. 3000 BCE) Human
Ancient history (c. 3000 BCE – c. 500 CE) ...
Post-classical history (c. 500 CE – c. 1500 CE) ...
Early modern period (c. 1500 CE – c. 1800 CE) ...
Late modern period (c. 1800 CE – present) 5.1 19th century. ...
Human history - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_history
World History youtube History Time Line https://canada.praiseloan.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=cki_cki&wr_id=10
===
United States. The United States of America is a North American nation that is the world's most dominant economic and military power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_economy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States
=====
KOREAN HISTORY
A timeline of Korean history includes the prehistoric period, the Three Kingdoms, Unified Silla, the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties, the Japanese colonial period, and the division into North and South Korea.
Here's a more detailed look:
Prehistoric Period: Human habitation dates back to 40,000 BC, with the earliest pottery around 8000 BC.
Gojoseon: The legendary founding of Gojoseon is dated to 2333 BC.
Three Kingdoms Period: (57 BC – 668 AD) Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla emerged as dominant kingdoms.
Unified Silla: Silla unified the Korean peninsula in 676 AD.
Later Three Kingdoms: (892 – 936 AD) A period of conflict before the rise of Goryeo.
Goryeo Dynasty: (918 – 1392 AD) Unified the Later Three Kingdoms.
Joseon Dynasty: (1392 – 1897 AD) A long-lasting Confucian dynasty.
Japanese Colonial Period: (1910 – 1945 AD) Korea was annexed by Japan.
Post-Liberation and Division: (1945 – Present) The peninsula was divided into North and South Korea.
==
Proto-Three Kingdoms
See also: Proto–Three Kingdoms period
200 BC: Buyeo, which Goguryeo and Baekje claim descent from, is established sometime around the 2nd century BC.
195 BC: Establishment of Wiman Joseon.[12]
108 BC: Han dynasty destroys Wiman Joseon, establishing four commanderies in northern Korean Peninsula.[13]
57 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Silla by Bak Hyeokgeose, who is elected leader.[14]
37 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Goguryeo by Jumong, a Prince of Buyeo.[14]
18 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Baekje by Onjo, a Buyeo Nobleman or the third son of Jumong according to different sources.[14][15]
==
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/korea_timeline.htm#:~:text=Foreign%20skirmishes%20threaten%20Korea,1953%2Dpresent*
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history#:~:text=8000%20BC:%20Beginning%20of%20the,Jin%20in%20southern%20Korean%20peninsula.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history
South Korea's economy is a highly developed, mixed economy, ranked as the 13th largest in the world. It's known for its rapid economic growth, sometimes called the "Miracle on the Han River," and is considered a high-income country. However, recent reports indicate a contraction in the first quarter of 2025 and continued downward pressure on the economy.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Korea
=====
=====
CHINESE HISTORY
A simplified timeline of Chinese history includes the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. These dynasties represent major periods of rule and cultural development in China's long history, with the Shang being the earliest dynasty supported by both written and archaeological evidence.
Timeline of Korean history https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Korean_history
Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 – 1050 BCE): The earliest dynasty supported by evidence, known for its bronze work and early writing system.
Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BCE): Divided into Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou, with the latter further divided into the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.
Qin Dynasty (221 – 206 BCE): Brief but significant for unifying China under an emperor and establishing the first empire.
Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE): A golden age of Chinese culture and influence, often seen as a model for later dynasties.
Six Dynasties Period (220-589 CE): A period of division and disunity following the Han Dynasty.
Sui Dynasty (581 – 618 CE): Brief but important for reunifying China after a long period of division.
Tang Dynasty (618 – 907 CE): Known for its cultural and economic prosperity, considered a golden age.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960 CE): A period of political fragmentation following the Tang.
Song Dynasty (960 – 1279 CE): A period of significant advancements in technology, economy, and culture.
Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368 CE): Established by the Mongols after conquering the Song Dynasty.
Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644 CE): A period of population growth, economic prosperity, and the completion of the Great Wall.
Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912 CE): The last imperial dynasty of China, ending with the Xinhai Revolution.
Republic of China (1912-1949 CE): Established after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
People's Republic of China (1949-Present): Established after the Chinese Civil War.
==
Taiwan's history is complex, involving indigenous peoples, various colonizers, and a protracted civil war. Initially inhabited by indigenous tribes, Taiwan saw periods of Dutch and Spanish settlement in the 17th century, followed by rule under the Qing Dynasty. In 1895, Taiwan became a colony of Japan after the first Sino-Japanese War. Following Japan's defeat in World War II, the Republic of China (ROC) took control, but in 1949, the Chinese Nationalist (KMT) government, defeated by the Communists, retreated to Taiwan, establishing the ROC there. This led to the ongoing political status issue, with China claiming Taiwan as its territory and Taiwan maintaining its own government and democratic system.
==
Economy of China
China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and since 2016 has been the world's largest economy when measured by purchasing power parity
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_China
==
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history
https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/timelines/china_timeline.htm
=====
A US history timeline generally begins with pre-colonial times, including the arrival of Native Americans, and then covers the colonial period, the American Revolution, the establishment of the nation, westward expansion, the Civil War and Reconstruction, industrialization, major world wars, and the modern era.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Early History (Before 1776):
Pre-Colonial Period:
Tens of thousands of years of Native American history, with the arrival of people from Siberia.
Colonial Era:
European colonization, including the arrival of the Pilgrims in 1620 and the establishment of other English colonies.
Colonial Period:
17th and 18th centuries. Development of distinct colonial societies, including the thirteen colonies that would eventually become the United States.
The American Revolution and Early Nation (1776-1860):
Revolution and the New Nation:
1754-1820. The American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the establishment of the United States Constitution.
New Nation:
1783-1815. The period following the Revolution, including the War of 1812.
Westward Expansion:
1801-1860. Manifest Destiny, the Louisiana Purchase, and the expansion of the US into the West.
National Expansion and Reform:
1815-1880. Focus on national identity, economic development, and reform movements like abolitionism.
Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877):
Civil War:
1861-1865. The war between the Union and the Confederacy, leading to the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the country.
Reconstruction:
1865-1877. The period after the Civil War, focused on rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved people into society.
Industrialization and the Progressive Era (1865-1920):
Industrial U.S.:
1870-1900. Rapid industrial growth, urbanization, and the rise of big business.
Progressive Era:
1890-1913. Reform movements addressing issues like corruption, inequality, and industrial abuses.
World War I, The Roaring Twenties, and the Great Depression (1914-1940):
World War I: 1914-1918. US involvement in the war, leading to a shift in global power.
Roaring Twenties: 1920s. Economic prosperity, cultural changes, and the Jazz Age.
Great Depression: 1929-1940. The stock market crash, widespread unemployment, and the Dust Bowl.
World War II and the Post-War Era (1941-1968):
World War II:
1941-1945. US involvement in the war, leading to victory over the Axis powers.
Post-War United States:
1945-1968. The Cold War, the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Vietnam War.
Modern Era (1968-Present):
Contemporary U.S.: 1968-2020 (and beyond). Continued social and political changes, technological advancements, and global involvement.
This is a broad outline. Within each of these eras, there are many significant events, people, and movements that shape American history.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States
=====
Canada's history timeline is marked by Indigenous presence, European exploration and colonization, Confederation, and the ongoing development of a distinct national identity. Key events include the arrival of Vikings around 1000 AD, European exploration starting in the 15th century, the establishment of New France, and the British conquest of New France in 1763. Confederation, uniting several British North American colonies, occurred in 1867. Further expansion and nation-building continued with the addition of new provinces and territories, the development of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and participation in both World Wars.
Here's a more detailed look:
Early History and Indigenous Presence:
Pre-15th Century: Indigenous peoples have inhabited the land for millennia, with various nations and cultures developing across the continent.
1000 AD: Viking explorer Leif Ericson is believed to have reached Newfoundland.
15th Century: European exploration begins, with John Cabot (Italian) visiting Newfoundland in 1497.
European Colonization:
16th Century:
French explorer Jacques Cartier explores the St. Lawrence River, laying the groundwork for French claims in North America.
17th Century:
France establishes the colony of New France, including settlements like Quebec City and Montreal.
18th Century:
The British gain control of Acadia (Nova Scotia) and other territories following the Treaty of Utrecht (1713). The British defeat France in the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War), leading to the cession of New France in 1763.
1775-1783:
The American Revolution leads to the influx of Loyalists into British North America, shaping the demographics and political landscape.
Confederation and Nation Building:
1867:
The British North America Act unites Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick into the Dominion of Canada.
1870-1949:
Further provinces and territories join Canada, including Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nunavut.
1885:
The Canadian Pacific Railway is completed, linking the east and west and facilitating westward expansion.
20th Century:
Canada participates in both World Wars, developing a stronger sense of national identity and autonomy.
1982:
Canada adopts its own constitution, further solidifying its independence from Britain.
Ongoing Development:
Multiculturalism and Indigenous Issues: Canada continues to grapple with issues of multiculturalism, reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, and its role in the global community.
Canada Day: Celebrates the anniversary of Confederation on July 1st.
Ref. 1605. French colonists under Samuel de Champlain establish the first permanent European settlement in the future Canada at Po
. — 1867 - British North America Act unites Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in the Dominion of Canada. 1867...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_history
=====
=====
KOREA
1945 (after liberation)
15 August. The surrender of Japan and the liberation of Korea. The Korean peninsula is haphazardly divided along the 38th parallel into the Soviet Civil Administration (SCA) in the North and the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) in the South.[186]
3 September. The head of the Pyongyang branch of the Communist Party of Korea, Hyŏn Chun-hyŏk, is assassinated, likely by the right-wing terrorist group Daedongdan.[187]
6 September. Before both trusteeships are well-established, Lyuh Woon-hyung establishes an independent People's Republic of Korea that incorporates both left- and right-leaning politicians. However, its activities are quickly suppressed and it never gains recognition from either the USSR or US.[188]
19 September. Kim Il Sung returns to the Korean peninsula with the Soviets.[189]
10 October. The League of Koreans in Japan is established.[190]
December. At the Moscow Conference, negotiations to reunify Korea fail. Instead, Korea is placed under a four-way trusteeship, by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China for five years. This leads to protest and anger in the Korean peninsula.[101]
1946
4 January. Cho Man-sik, Kim's main rival for leadership in the North, is removed from office and placed under house arrest by the Soviets.[191]
8 February. The Provisional People's Committee of North Korea is established, and Kim Il Sung is made its chairman. While it supposedly represents all political groups in the North, it is dominated by the Soviet-backed Communist Party.[192]
1 July. North Korea creates its first film: Our Construction.[193][194]
December. A coalition is made in the North among all major political parties, including representatives of left-leaning parties in the South. This coalition is again dominated by the Communists.[195]
1947
Hyundai is established, initially as a construction company.
19 July. Lyuh Woon-hyung, whom some Americans had been eyeing as a more moderate alternative candidate for leadership in the South,[196] is assassinated by a member of the far-right terrorist group the White Shirts Society.[197]
14 November. The United Nations passes General Assembly Resolution 112, which creates the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea.[198] The Soviets dispute the authority of the commission and ignore it.[199]
1948
April. Protests occur in Jeju that lead to the Jeju Uprising and are violently suppressed by 1949.[200][199] The estimated death toll is uncertain, but a significant portion (up to 30%) of the population is killed.[201] This event and its aftermath significantly threaten the Jeju language,[202] which as of 2023, is considered critically endangered.[203]
10 May. Despite significant controversy, elections for the National Assembly are held in South Korea, and Syngman Rhee becomes its chair.[199]
15 August. Establishment of South Korea with Syngman Rhee as president.[204]
9 September. Establishment of North Korea with Kim Il Sung as premier.[204]
October. The Yeosu–Suncheon rebellion occurs. While being shipped off to Jeju to suppress the unrest, left-leaning soldiers launch a rebellion in South Jeolla Province. Thousands are killed.[201]
20 November. The South Korean National Assembly passes the National Security Law. The law has been consistently criticized for its broad scope and historical use by South Korean dictatorships to quash political resistance.[201]
1949: 26 June. Kim Ku is murdered in his home by Ahn Doo-hee. The exact motives behind the murder still remain unclear.[205]
1950 (before Korean War)
30 January.[206] After months of negotiations, Stalin finally relents to Kim's requests to launch an invasion of the South, but makes it conditional on whether Kim can convince Mao to support the effort.[207][208]
April. Mao agrees to support Kim in the invasion.[207][208]
Korean War
See also: Korean War
Animated map of the Korean War
1950
25 June. The Korean War begins with a surprise attack from the North. While minor border skirmishes had happened prior to the war, they are not comparable in scale of the invasion the North launches. The First Battle of Seoul begins with the deaths of hundreds of civilians; Seoul falls within a few days.[209]
7 July. The UN Security Council creates the United Nations Command under the United States to support the South. Over the following years, tens of thousands of soldiers from a number of countries fight for the South.[210]
26 to 29 July. The No Gun Ri massacre occurs. Unarmed South Korean civilians near the village of Nogeun-ri are deliberately killed by the US Army; the death toll and cause of the massacre is disputed.[211]
August. UN forces are driven back to the south-east corner of the Korean Peninsula ("The Pusan Perimeter").[212]
September. The Battle of Inchon occurs after UN Troops make a surprise amphibious landing on the west coast. Despite the death toll, the UN resolution's original goal of returning to the status quo borders, and the concerns of the US's allies that China or the USSR could enter the war, MacArthur and Rhee decide to push North and reunify the peninsula. The UN approves this on 7 October, and troops move North on 9 October. This prompts the Chinese to begin planning a counteroffensive.[213]
19 October. Chinese forces as the People's Volunteer Army under Peng Dehuai secretly enter the North.[214]
27 November. Chinese forces launch a massive offensive from the North, which puts the UN and ROK forces into a full retreat.[212]
6 December. The Chinese retake Pyongyang.[214]
December. The National Defense Corps incident begins and lasts until February 1951. The Rhee government drafts hundreds of thousands of civilians into a militia, but fail to provide them adequate supplies. Tens of thousands die or disappear.[214][215]
1951
4 January. The North and China take Seoul.[214]
31 January the UNSC votes unanimously to cease interest in the conflict, per UNSC Resolution 90.
15 March. Seoul is retaken by the ROK and UN Forces.[214]
July. Armistice talks begin. While the establishment of a demilitarized zone and the creation of an armistice commission are agreed on, the talks stall on the issue of prisoner exchanges. Over the following two years of more stalled talks, the US and UN Forces drop more bombs on North Korea than the Allies did on Germany and Japan in World War II. Both the North and the South commit atrocities against their own citizens and civilians on the other side. Over a million and up to two million Koreans die.[216]
1953
January. The South Korean newsreel Korean News is established. It serves as an arm of the South Korean government until it closes in 1994.[217]
27 July. The Korean War is halted by the Korean Armistice Agreement that has remained in force until now.
Modern period
See also: History of South Korea and History of North Korea
1954: December 10 and 26. The Busan Yongdusan fires destroy numerous shanty buildings and more than 3,400 historic relics that had been moved to Busan for safekeeping, including historic portraits of Joseon kings.[218][219]
1955: May. Chongryon, an association for Koreans in Japan that are aligned with North Korea, is created.[220]
1956
April. Chongryon assists in establishing the North Korean-aligned Korea University in Tokyo.
September. The August Faction Incident occurs, in which pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese North Koreans attempt to purge Kim Il Sung. Kim then conducts a counter-purge.
1960: A student uprising begins the April Revolution which overthrows the First Republic of South Korea. Syngman Rhee resigns and goes into exile.
1961
16 May. The May 16 coup occurs, in which General Park Chung Hee overthrows the Second Republic of Korea.
12 November. Summit conference for normalization of Korean-Japanese relations.
1962
January. Start of the first Five-Year Plan of South Korea.[221]
12 October. The Sino-Korean Border Agreement is signed, beginning the process of establishing the modern border between China and North Korea. The process finishes with the agreement's 1964 companion, the Protocols on the Sino–Korean Border.[222]
1964: South Korea joins the Vietnam War.
1965: 22 June. The signing of Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea. Earned both much controversy and procurement of budgets for later economic developments.
1966: The World Bank organizes the International Economic Consultative Organization for Korea
1967: Start of the second five-year plan.
1968
January. The Blue House raid, an unsuccessful attempt of North Korean commandos to assassinate South Korean president Park Chung Hee occurs.
April. In retaliation for the Blue House raid, a South Korean group is created (Unit 684) to assassinate Kim Il Sung, but the group eventually mutinies on 23 August.
1 April. Establishment of the Pohang Iron and Steel Company (now "POSCO").
5 December. Proclamation of the National Education Charter.
1970
22 April. Start of the Saemaul Undong.
Gyeongbu Expressway is completed and opened to traffic.
1972
Start of the third five-year plan.
1972
12 August. The first Red Cross talks between North and South Korea are held.
1972
President Park Chung Hee declares emergency martial law and changes the constitution in August, which allows for him to become the permanent ruler.
1974: 15 August. The assassination of first lady Yuk Young-soo by North Korean sympathizer Mun Se-gwang.
1976
The Koreagate scandal breaks out in the United States.[223]
18 August. The Axe Murder Incident in Panmunjom, Joint Security Area. Triggers former North Korean leader Kim Il Sung's first official apology to the South.
12 October. Discontinuation of rice imports, the accomplishment of total self-sufficiency in rice by the 'Unification Rice'.
1977
Start of the fourth five-year plan
22 December. Celebration of achievement of 10 billion dollars gained by exports.
1978: 26 October. Detection of the 3rd tunnel. Made by North Korea to attack South Korea.
1978: 10 December. Achievement of 1,117 US dollars as GNP.
1979
American president Jimmy Carter visits Korea. Threatens Park by stating he would reduce the US forces in Korea if he does not stop the ongoing Nuclear Weapons Development project.
26 October. The assassination of Park Chung Hee.
1979: The Coup d'état of December Twelfth sees Chun Doo-hwan seize power.
1980: Gwangju Uprising. Martial law is declared throughout the nation. The city of Gwangju becomes a battleground between dissenters and the Armed Forces (18–27 May). The official death toll was set at 200 people but some reports claim over 1000 casualties.
1985: A South Korean expedition team becomes the first Koreans to set foot in Antarctica.[224][225]
1987: The June Democratic Struggle begins, which eventually overthrows the autocratic Fifth Republic of South Korea. The ruling party of Fifth Republic, Democratic Justice Party, then declares democratic elections.
1988
17 February. The King Sejong Station becomes the first South Korean research station in Antarctica.[226]
17 September – 2 October. The 24th Olympic Games are held in Seoul. This event has since become viewed as a watershed moment that showcased South Korea's rapid economic development to the world.[227]
1990: 11 September. South Korea and the USSR establish diplomatic relations.
1991
17 September. North Korea (DPRK) and South Korea (ROK) join the United Nations (UN).
26 December. The end of the Cold War as the Soviet Union collapses and North Korea loses military and economic aid.
1992
11 August. South Korea's first satellite, KITSAT-1, a.k.a. 우리별 (Uri Byol) is successfully launched from Guiana Space Centre.
24 August. South Korea and the People's Republic of China (PRC) establish diplomatic relations.
1993: Test of Rodong-1, a single-stage, mobile liquid propellant medium-range ballistic missile by the North Korea.
1994
8 October. Kim Jong Il becomes leader of North Korea upon the death of his father.[228]
21 October. The Seongsu Bridge disaster occurs in Seoul.[229]
Start of the North Korean famine, which ends in 1998.[230]
1995: 29 June. The Sampoong Department Store collapses in Seoul.[231]
1996: The Central Government Building, formerly known as the Government-General of Chōsen Building, begins to be demolished.[159]
1997: Asian Financial Crisis (or "IMF Crisis" as it was called in Korea) shakes Korea
1998
Taepodong-1, a two-stage intermediate-range ballistic missile is developed and tested by the DPRK. End of the Arduous March. It is possible that up to 3.5 million people did not survive the 'march'.
The Shimonoseki Trial, the first ever lawsuit against the Japanese government by comfort women or forced laborers by Koreans, ends with the denial of compensation for the three women.[232][233]
1999: The DPRK promises to freeze long-range missile tests.
2002
14 January – 19 March. TV series Winter Sonata achieves significant international viewership in the Philippines and Japan, bolstering the growing Korean Wave.[234]
The 2002 FIFA World Cup jointly held by Korea & Japan. South Korea national football team reaches the semi-finals for the first time in Korean football history.
9 December. The National Women's History Exhibition Hall opens in Seoul, making it the first women's history museum in South Korea. It later moves to Goyang.[235]
2004
The DPRK reaffirms moratorium.
21 November. Gurudwara Shri Singh Sabha Sahib is established, making it the first Sikh gurdwara in Korea.[236]
2005: The DPRK fires short-range missile into the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
2006: Test of Taepodong-2 by DPRK, a successor of Taepodong-1.There is a nuclear test in the DPRK. US officials assert it might have been a misfire.
2007: The second summit between DPRK and ROK leaders is held, with Roh Moo-hyun representing the south and Kim Jong Il the north. The DPRK fires short-range missile into the Sea of Japan.
2008: 8 April. A Korean woman, Yi So-yeon, becomes the first Korean to fly to outer space.[237]
2009
North Korea launches a rocket (Unha), supposedly for space exploration.
The DPRK conducts another nuclear test.
2010: North Korea launches missile and attacks Korean Pohang-class corvette, ROKS Cheonan. 46 Korean soldiers die because of the attack. At November, North Korean army rains artillery fire on Yeon-Pyeong-Do island.
2011: Kim Jong Il dies, Kim Jong Un takes over as the Supreme Leader of North Korea. The National Intelligence Service accuses pro-unification lawmakers of being spies. One of the members was a former Democratic Party representative. In a move indicative of the heavy-handedness of the Park regime, the party is outlawed and key party members are imprisoned.
2012
13 April. The Kim Regime of the DPRK tested a rocket, officially called "Unha-3", an expendable launch system developed from the Soviet Scud rockets. The rocket was to send a satellite, called "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3", into orbit. The rocket failed to launch the satellite and fell into the Yellow Sea. The mission ultimately ended in complete failure.
12 December. DPRK has successful launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2 it was launched from the Sohae Satellite Launching Ground. A South Korean military official cited 3 stage success. DPRK confirmed.
19 December. Park Geun-hye, a daughter of Park Chung Hee, is elected as first female and the 11th president of South Korea.
2013: 12 December. North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un, executes his uncle and major North Korean politician, Jang Song-thaek.[238]
2014: 16 April. Sinking of MV Sewol, where 304 people, mostly students, die.[239][240]
2016: 9 December. President Park Geun-hye is impeached.[241]
2017
10 March. The court upheld the impeachment in a unanimous 8–0 decision, removing Park from office.
10 May. Moon Jae-In is sworn into office immediately after official votes were counted on 10 May, replacing Acting President and Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-Ahn.[242]
2019: 21 May. The South Korean film Parasite premieres at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival, and becomes the first Korean film to win the top prize.[243] At the 2020 Academy Awards, it becomes the first Korean film to receive any recognition from the academy, and the first non–English language film to win Best Picture.[244]
2021: 17 September. Premiere of the TV series Squid Game, which becomes an international sensation with hundreds of millions of viewers around the world.[245]
2022
10 May. Yoon Suk Yeol is sworn into office, succeeding former President Moon Jae-in.
5 July. American mathematician of Korean descent June Huh is awarded the Fields Medal, which is considered the most prestigious award in mathematics. He is the first ethnic Korean to receive the award.[246]
29 October. Seoul Halloween crowd crush, 159 people are killed and another 197 injured in the deadliest accident since the sinking of the Sewol.[247]
2024:
2 January. Opposition leader Lee Jae-myung is stabbed in an assassination attempt[248] in Busan.[249]
3 December. In the evening, President Yoon Suk Yeol declares martial
=====
***** ABOUT KOREA *****
The Korean Wave (Hangul: 한류; hanja: 韓流; RR: Hallyu; MR: Hallyu)
is a neologism referring to the increase in the popularity of South Korean culture since the late 1990s. The term was originally coined in mid-1999 by Beijing journalists who were surprised by China's growing appetite for South Korean cultural exports. They subsequently referred to this new phenomenon as "Hánliú" (韓流), which literally means "flow of Korea".
First driven by the spread of K-dramas televised across East and Southeast Asia during its initial stages, the Korean Wave evolved from a regional development into a global phenomenon due to the proliferation of Korean pop (K-pop) music videos on YouTube.[5] Currently, the spread of the Korean Wave to other regions of the world is most visibly seen among teenagers and young adults in Latin America, Northeast India, the Middle East, North Africa, and immigrant enclaves of the Western world.
The growing acceptance of South Korean pop culture as a valid form of entertainment in many parts of the world has prompted the government of South Korea t
=====
=====
WORLD HISTORY
General knowledge history timeline https://brief-history-of-the-world.fandom.com/wiki/Timeline_of_World_History#Post-Cold_War_Era_(1991_%E2%80%94_present)
Time Events
10000 BCE Middle East people domesticated goats and dogs.
9500 BCE Settled farming began.
6000 BCE Copper was discovered.
5000 BCE Sumerian civilization evolved between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. Later it became popular as Mesopotamia (present day Iraq).
5000 BCE First calendar of 365 days, 12 months, and 30 days invented.
3500 BCE Bronze was discovered in Egypt.
3100 BCE First dynasty of Egypt.
3000 BCE Early writing.
2600 BCE Indus Valley civilization.
2560 BCE Great Pyramid of Giza.
2000 – 1200 BCE Iron Age.
1800 BCE Alphabetic writing appeared.
1700 BCE End of Indus Valley Civilization.
1400 BCE Water clock is invented in Egypt.
1027 BCE In China, Chou dynasty began.
850 BCE Homer had written the epic “Iliad and Odyssey”.
776 BCE Olympic Games first recorded.
753 BCE City of Rome was established by Romulus.
653 BCE Rise of Persian Empire.
600 BCE Sixteen Maha Janapadas emerged in India.
586 BCE The First Temple in Jerusalem (Solomon's Temple) was destroyed by the Babylonians.
550 BCE Pythagoras (Greek scholar) studied the movements of celestial bodies and mathematics.
509 BCE Founding of Roman Republic after exclusion of the last Roman King.
508 BCE Democracy introduced at Athens.
500 BCE Panini standardized the Sanskrit grammar and its morphology in the text Ashtadhyayi.
500 BCE Pingala learned the uses of zero and binary numeral system.
499 BCE Greco-Persian Wars.
490 BCE Battle of Marathon.
338 BCE In the Battle of Chaeronea, the king Philip II, defeated the combined forces of the Greek city-states Athens and Thebes.
337 BCE Philip II had created a strong and unified nation in Macedonia. He hired Aristotle (the Philosopher) to tutor his son, Alexander.
336 BCE Philip II was assassinated and Alexander became king.
331 BCE In the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander the Great defeated Darius III of Persia.
326 BCE In the Battle of the Hydaspes River, Alexander the Great defeated Indian king Porus
323 BCE Death of Alexander at Babylon
300 BCE The Great Pyramid of Cholula constructed
221 BCE Qin Shi Huang unified China and the beginning of Imperial rule (in China)
221 BCE The Qin Dynasty began the construction of the Great Wall of China
206 BCE After the death of Qin Shi Huang, Han Dynasty established in China
200 BCE Paper is invented in China
124 BCE China's Imperial University was established
111 BCE First Chinese domination of Việtnam as the Nanyue Kingdom
4 BCE Birth of Jesus Christ (Widely accepted date)
Common Era (CE)
29 CE Jesus Christ crucified
70 CE The armies of Titus destructed Jerusalem
78 CE Origin of Saka Era in India
79 CE Mount Vesuvius erupted and destructed Pompeii and other towns (in Italy)
220 CE After the fall of Han Dynasty, three Kingdoms period begins in China
378 CE The Germanic tribes defeated Roman army in the battle of Adrianople
570 CE Prophet Mohammed (the founder of Muslim religion) born
581 CE Sui Dynasty came in China
613 CE Muhammad had commenced preaching publicly in his hometown, Mecca
622 CE Muhammad Migrated from Mecca to Medina
623 CE Muhammad abandoned Saturday as the Sabbath and made Friday as special day of the week
632 CE Muhammad died
660 CE The Quran, the holy book, was published for the first time
793 CE Scandinavians approached the island of Lindisfarne, Scotland by boat and they attacked monks and robbed their monastery. It is the first recorded raid by the Vikings
800 CE Gunpowder was invented
1050 CE An ancient tool of navigation namely The astrolabe” was first used in Europe
1077 CE Construction of the London Tower began
1117 CE The University of Oxford is established
1150 CE The University of Paris is established
1199 CE Europeans first used compasses
1209 CE The University of Cambridge is established
1215 CE John of England sealed the “Magna Carta”
1298 CE Marco Polo published his itinerary of China, along with Rustichello da Pisa.
1299 CE Osman I established the Ottoman Empire
1347 CE The Black Death withered Europe for the first (of many times). In the first year, an estimated 20 to 40% of the population was thought to have perished.
1389 CE Battle of Kosovo (in Serbia)
1397 CE The Medici bank was established in Florence
1461 CE King Loius XI of France started postal service
1492 CE Christopher Columbus discovered a route going to the New World (i.e. Caribbean Islands and America)
1498 CE Vasco da Gama arrived India
1503 CE Leonardo da Vinci started making the painting of Mona Lisa; however, completed after three years
1506 CE Christopher Columbus died in Valladolid, Spain
1632 CE The city of Boston is founded
1636 CE Harvard University is established in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
1652 CE Dutch East India Company founded the city Cape Town in South Africa
1666 CE The Great Fire of London
1683 CE China conquered the Kingdom of Tungning and annexes Taiwan
1687 CE Isaac Newton published “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”
1694 CE The Bank of England is established
1697 CE The earliest known first-class cricket match had taken place in Sussex
1710 CE The world's first copyright legislation, Britain's Statute of Anne (also known as Copyright Act 1709), took effect
1724 CE Japan began successful forest management reform and subsequently timber cutting was reduced
1765 CE In France, a twenty-eight volume of encyclopedia was completed
1776 CE In USA, second Continental Congress meeting and declaration of independence July 4)
1781 CE The Spanish settlers founded the city of Los Angeles
1783 CE In USA, King George declared the thirteen colonies as "free and independent”
1783 CE In USA, based on the state's 1780 constitution, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts ruled slavery illegal
1785 CE Napoleon Bonaparte became a lieutenant in the French artillery
1787 CE The United States Constitution is written in Philadelphia and submitted to the states for ratification
1787 CE The slaves freed from London established Freetown (West Africa) i.e. present-day Sierra Leone
1795 CE The first graphite pencils were used
1789–1799 CE French Revolution
1797 CE Napoleon's invasion and partition of the Republic of Venice ended over 1,000 years of independence of the Serene Republic
1801 CE Napoleon (of France) defeated Austria
1804 CE Haiti attained its independence from France and became the first black republic
1805 CE In Milan (Italy), Napoleon was crowned as the King of Italy
1805 CE In the Battle of Austerlitz, Napoleon decisively defeated an Austrian-Russian army
1814 CE Napoleon abdicated and was exiled to Elba.
1815 CE Napoleon escaped; however, he was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo (in June) and exiled to Saint Helena Island
1820 CE Discovery of Antarctica
1821 CE Napoleon Bonaparte died (at Saint Helena Island, where he was exiled)
1823 CE Monroe Doctrine was declared by US President James Monroe
1825 CE The two railway station at Stockton and Darlington (the first public railway in the world) was opened
1833 CE Slavery Abolition Act banned slavery throughout the British Empire
1835 CE Vaccination became mandatory in Britain
1838 CE Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolutionary selection and specialization
1840 CE New Zealand is established, as the Treaty of Waitangi is signed between the Māori and British
1841 CE Richard Owen, first time, used the word "dinosaur"
1842 CE First time Anaesthesia was used
1845-49 CE The Irish Potato Famine that lead to the Irish diaspora
1848-58 CE California Gold Rush
1848 CE Karl Marx wrote Communist Manifesto
1849 CE Roman Republic's constitutional law became the first to abolish capital punishment
1854 CE Crimean War (fought between Russia and Turkey)
1856 CE World's first oil refinery founded in Romania
1859-69 CE Suez Canal constructed
1859 CE The first successful oil well was drilled in northern Pennsylvania (USA)
1859 CE John Tyndall, the British scientist, described the concept that the carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor trapping heat in the atmosphere. Further, he suggested that the changing in the concentration of gases could bring climate change
1861 CE Russia abolished serfdom
1861-65 CE American Civil War, took place between the Union and seceding Confederacy
1862 CE The first paper money was issued in the United States
1865 CE President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated
1868 CE Michael Barrett was the last person to be publicly hanged in England
1869 CE Dmitri Mendeleev created Periodic table
1869 CE The Suez Canal route opened that linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
1871 CE Royal Albert Hall opened in London
1872 CE The first National Park i.e. Yellowstone National Park, is established
1886 CE Burma was presented to Queen Victoria as a birthday gift
1886 CE Karl Benz sold the first commercial automobile
1887 CE Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published his first Sherlock Holmes story, ‘A Study in Scarlet’
1889 CE Eiffel Tower is inaugurated in Paris
1891 CE The German government initiated the first public old-age pension scheme
1892 CE For the first time, Fingerprinting was officially adopted.
1893 CE New Zealand became the first country to enact women's suffrage
1894 CE First commercial film was released by Jean Aimé Le Roy
1896 CE Olympic Games revived in Athens, Greece
1898 CE Britain obtained a 99-year lease of Hong Kong from China
1900 CE Hawaii became an official USA territory
1901 CE In Stockholm (Sweden), the first Nobel Prize ceremony was held
1901 CE Theodore Roosevelt become the youngest President of the United States
1904 CE Russian Japanese War
1905 CE Albert Einstein's formulation of relativity
1908 CE First commercial radio transmissions
1911 CE Xinhai Revolution in China overthrows the Qing Dynasty
1912 CE End of the Chinese Empire and Republic of China established
1912 CE First Balkan War began
1912 CE Woodrow Wilson elected as the 28th President of the United States
1913 CE Second Balkan War and Treaty of Bucharest too place
1914 CE Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo that triggered the World War I
1914 CE Panama Canal opened
1915 CE First use of poison gas at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle and Second Battle of Ypres
1916 CE The implementation of daylight saving time system
1917 CE Russian Revolution ended the Russian Empire
1917 CE The United States joined the Allies (countries) for the last 17 months of World War I
1918 CE End of World War I
1918 CE Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus declared their independence from Russia.
1919 CE Treaty of Versailles redrew European borders.
1919 CE League of Nations founded in Paris.
1920 CE Greece restores its monarchy after a referendum.
1920 CE International Court of Justice founded at Hague in the Netherlands.
1921 CE Adolf Hitler became Führer (guide, leader) of the Nazi Party.
1922 CE The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished Ottoman Sultanate.
1923 CE Time Magazine was published first time
1923 CE Turkish War of Independence ended and Kemal Atatürk became the first President of the newly established Republic of Turkey. Capital was moved from Istanbul to Ankara
1924 CE Death of Vladimir Lenin (of Russia); rise of Stalin.
1924 CE The Caliphate was abolished by Kemal Atatürk.
1924 CE The US Federal Bureau of Investigation established under J Edgar Hoover.
1925 CE Benito Mussolini gains dictatorial powers in Italy and adopted the title of ‘Duce’.
1925 CE Mein Kampf (an autobiography of the National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler) was published.
1927 CE Joseph Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union.
1927 CE The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland officially became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
1927 CE The BBC was granted a Royal Charter in the United Kingdom.
1928 CE Mickey Mouse was created at the Walt Disney Studio.
1929 CE Wall Street crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression
1929 CE Vatican City has given the status of a sovereign State.
1929 CE Saint Valentine's Day Massacre.
1930 CE First FIFA World Cup hosted
1931 CE Construction of the Empire State Building
1931 CE Statute of Westminster created the British Commonwealth of Nations
1931 CE Japan invaded Manchuria (China) and occupied it until the end of World War II
1932 CE Franklin D Roosevelt is elected President of the United States
1932 CE The Nazi party became the largest single party in the German parliament
1933 CE Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany
1935 CE Persia became Iran
1937 CE Japanese invaded China
1937 CE The Irish Republican Army attempted to assassinate King George VI of the UK
1938 CE Munich agreement that handed over Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany
1939 CE Nazi invasion of Poland that triggered the beginning of World War II
1940 CE Nazis invaded France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway
1940 CE Soviet Union annexes the Baltic states
1940 CE Winston Churchill became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1941 CE Attack on Pearl Harbor that forced the USA to join World War II
1941 CE Hitler invaded the Soviet Union
1943 CE Battle of Stalingrad ended with over two million casualties and the retreat of the German Army
1943 CE Tehran Conference participated by Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin; all agreed to launch Operation Overlord.
1943 CE Green Revolution began.
1944 CE Chechen insurgency ended with deportation of the entire Chechen population.
1944 CE First operational electronic computer, Colossus, introduced
1944 CE D Day (Military terms associated with Invasion of Normandy)
1945 CE Battle of Berlin
1945 CE Yalta Conference
1945 CE Atomic bombing on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan)
1945 CE End of World War II in Europe. The Holocaust ends after (about) 12 million deaths
1945 CE Death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, and Benito Mussolini
1945 CE Potsdam Conference (World War II) divided Europe into Western and Soviet blocs
1945 CE United Nations founded
1946 CE First images had been taken of the Earth from space
1948 CE Beginning of apartheid in South Africa
1948 CE Division of North and South Korea
1949 CE Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
1949 CE Germany partitioned as the Soviet socialist German Democratic Republic and the NATO-backed Federal Republic of Germany
1949 CE Establishment of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong
1951 CE Treaty of San Francisco terminated the Occupation of Japan and formally concluded hostilities between Japan and the US
1952 CE Egyptian Revolution under Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King Farouk and terminated British occupation
1953 CE Stalin died
1954 CE First time, the Soviet Union generated the electricity by nuclear power
1955 CE Warsaw Pact signed
1957 CE Beginning of the Space Age with the launch of Sputnik I
1958 CE NASA, the US Federal Aviation Authority and Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) established
1959 CE Cuban Revolution
1962 CE Cuban missile crisis
1962 CE Sino-Indian War
1963 CE Assassination of John F Kennedy
1965 CE Deaths of Winston Churchill
1968 CE Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy assassinated while the Poor People's Campaign
1969 CE Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris of Libya in a Coup d'état and established the Libyan Arab Republic
1973 CE First space station, Skylab, was launched
1975 CE First Cricket World Cup hosted
1976 CE First outbreak of the Ebola virus
1978 CE Birth of the first test-tube baby
1979 CE Margaret Thatcher became the Prime Minister of the UK
1985 CE Mikhail Gorbachev became Premier of the Soviet Union
1985 CE First use of DNA fingerprinting
1986 CE Chernobyl disasters
1989 CE Fall of the Berlin Wall
1990 CE Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW)
1990 CE Gulf War began
1990 CE After 27 years of imprisonment, Nelson Mandela released
1991 CE Gulf War ended after US withdrawal and failed uprising
1991 CE Dissolution of the Soviet Union and subsequent independence of 15 former Soviet republics
1991 CE Boris Yeltsin became the first President of the Russian Federation
1991 CE The first Website has been put online and made available to the public
1992 CE Maastricht Treaty created the European Union
1993 CE Velvet divorce between Czech Republic and Slovakia
1994 CE End of apartheid in South Africa and subsequent election of Nelson Mandela the great leader
1994 CE Opening of the Channel Tunnel
1995 CE Establishment of the World Trade Organization
1997 CE Transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from UK to China
1997 CE Diana, Princess of Wales, was killed in a car accident in Paris, France
1998 CE Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin
1999 CE Euro is introduced
2001 CE Terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center in New York City and damaged the Pentagon in Washington, DC
2001 CE Wikipedia founded.
2003 CE Iraq War began that triggered worldwide protests.
2003 CE The space shuttle, Columbia, collapsed (while landing) nearby Texas (USA); all the seven astronauts (including Indian astronaut Kalpana Chawla) died in the accident.
2005 CE Angela Merkel became Germany's first woman Chancellor.
2006 CE Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the President of Liberia. She was the first elected female head of state in Africa.
2006 CE Execution of Saddam Hussein.
2008 CE Stock markets plunge across the world.
2008 CE Monarchy system terminated in Nepal.
2009 CE The world's tallest skyscraper, Burj Khalifa (in Dubai), has been built.
2010 The largest oil spill in US history occurred in the Gulf of Mexico.
2011 CE Osama bin Laden, Muammar Gaddafi, and Kim Jong-Il were killed.
2011 CE Iraq War ended.
2013 CE Deaths of Hugo Chávez, Nelson Mandela, and Margaret Thatcher.
2015 CE United States and Cuba resumed diplomatic relations.
2016
The United Kingdom votes to leave the European Union, beginning Brexit.
2019
First image of a black hole.
CRISPR, an early gene editing technology, is medically used for the first time to treat people with sickle cell disease.
2020
The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic begins, leading to economic collapse, supply shortages, quarantines, societal changes, medical misinformation, and nearly 800 million confirmed cases.
The death of George Floyd leads to Black Lives Matter protests across the United States, and soon after across the world, against police brutality and systemic racism.
2021
The James Webb Space Telescope is launched, replacing the Hubble Space Telescope and allowing for better exploration of the cosmos.
United States forces leave Afghanistan, ending the War on Terror.
2022
Russia invades Ukraine and occupies southern regions of Ukraine in one of the worst humanitarian crises of the 21st century.
The human population reaches 8 billion.
2023
7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel sparks further conflict and crimes against humanity in the middle east.
as a tool for soft power. Ultimately, the government hopes that the acceptance of South Korean culture in foreign countries would be reciprocated by an embracement of foreign cultures among South Koreans, thus realizing the ideals of a bidirectional flow of culture, goods and ideas in order to achieve the following goals
=====
=====
Korea, called Hanguk (Korean: 한국; Hanja: 韓國) in South Korea and Chosŏn (Korean: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮) in North Korea,
is an East Asian territory that is divided into two distinct sovereign states, North Korea (aka, DPRK or Democratic People's Republic of Korea) and South Korea (aka, ROK or Republic of Korea). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea. Refer to the talk page. The adoption of the Chinese writing system ("Hanja" in Korean) in the 2nd century BC and the introduction of Buddhism in the 4th century AD had profound effects on the Three Kingdoms of Korea, which was first united during the Silla (57 BC – AD 935) under the King Munmu. The united Silla fell to Goryeo in 935 at the end of the Later Three Kingdoms. Goryeo was a highly cultured state and created the Jikji in the 14th century. The invasions by the Mongolians in the 13th century, however, greatly weakened the nation, which was forced to become a tributary state. After the Mongol Empire's collapse, severe political strife followed. The Ming-allied Joseon emerged supreme in 1388.
=====
The first 200 years of Joseon were marked by relative peace and saw the creation of the Korean Hangul alphabet by King Sejong the Great in the 14th century and the increasing influence of Confucianism. During the later part of the dynasty, however, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname of the "Hermit kingdom". By the late 19th century, the country became the object of the colonial designs by Japan. In 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan and remained a colony until the end of World War II in August 1945.
In 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed on the surrender of Japanese forces in Korea in the aftermath of World War II, leaving Korea partitioned along the 38th parallel, with the north under Soviet occupation and the south under U.S. occupation. These circumstances soon became the basis for the division of Korea by the two superpowers, exacerbated by their inability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. The two Cold War rivals then established governments centered around their own respective ideologies, leading to Korea's division into two political entities: North Korea and South Korea.
=====
The traditional culture of Korea refers to the shared cultural heritage of the Korean Peninsula
originating from the early Korean nomadic tribes to the extensive influence of 9,000 years of ancient Chinese culture to modern times. Since the mid-20th century, the peninsula has been split politically between North and South Korea, resulting in a number of cultural differences. Before Joseon Dynasty, the practice of Korean shamanism was deeply rooted in the Korean culture.
Beliefs Main articles: Korean shamanism, Korean Buddhism and Korean Confucianism
The original religion of the Korean people was Shamanism, which though not as widespread as in ancient times,
still survives to this day. Female shamans or mudang are often called upon to enlist the help of various spirits to achieve various means.
=====
Buddhism and Confucianism were later introduced to Korea through cultural exchanges with Chinese dynasties. Buddhism was the official religion of the Goryeo dynasty, and many privileges were given to Buddhist monks during this period. However, the Joseon period saw the suppression of Buddhism, where Buddhist monks and temples were banned from the cities and confined to the countryside. In its place a strict form of Confucianism, which some see as even more strict than what had ever been adopted by the Chinese, became the official philosophy.
Throughout Korean history and culture, regardless of separation, the traditional beliefs of Korean Shamanism, Mahayana Buddhism and Confucianism have remained an underlying influence of the religion of the Korean people as well as a vital aspect of their culture.[19] In fact, all these traditions coexisted peacefully for hundreds of years. They still exist in the more Christian South and in the North, despite pressure from its government.
=====
Music[edit] Music of Korea Korean Music-Parade
There is a genre distinction between folk music and court music. Korean folk music is varied and complex, but all forms maintain a set of rhythms (called 장단; Jangdan) and a loosely defined set of melodic modes. Korean folk musics are Pansori (판소리) performed by one singer and one drummer. Occasionally, there might be dancers and narraters. They have been designated an intangible cultural property in UNESCO's Memory of the world,[15] and Pungmul (풍물) performed by drumming, dancing and singing. Samul Nori is a type of Korean traditional music based on Pungmul, and Sanjo (산조) that is played without a pause in faster tempos. Nongak (농악) means "farmers' music".
Korean court music can be traced to the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty in 1392. Korean court musics include A-ak, Dang-ak and Hyang-ak. Korean music is still played and sang a lot.
=====
Clothing Main article: Hanbok
Hwarot, bridal robe The traditional dress known as hanbok (한복, 韓服) (known as joseonot [조선옷] in the DPRK) has been worn since ancient times. The hanbok consists of a shirt (jeogori) and a skirt (chima). The traditional hat is called gwanmo and special meaning is attached to this piece of clothing.
According to social status, Koreans used to dress differently, making clothing an important mark of social rank. Impressive, but sometimes cumbersome, costumes were worn by the ruling class and the royal family. These upper classes also used jewellery to distance themselves from the ordinary people. A traditional item of jewellery for women was a pendant in the shape of certain elements[which?] of nature which was made of precious gemstones, to which a tassel of silk was connected.
======
Cuisine Main article: Korean cuisine
Bibimbap Rice is the staple food of Korea. Having been an almost exclusively agricultural country until recently, the essential recipes in Korea are shaped by this experience. The main crops in Korea are rice, barley, and beans, but many supplementary crops are used. Fish and other seafood are also important because Korea is a peninsula.
Fermented recipes were also developed in early times. These include pickled fish and pickled vegetables. This kind of food provides essential proteins and vitamins during the winter.
A number of dishes have been developed. These can be divided into ceremonial foods and ritual foods. Ceremonial foods are used when a child reaches 100 days, at the first birthday, at a wedding ceremony, and the sixtieth birthday. Ritual foods are used at funerals, at ancestral rites, shaman's offerings and as temple food.
A distinguishing characteristic of Temple Food is that it does not use the common five strong-flavoured ingredients of Korean cuisine--(garlic, spring onion, wild rocambole, leek, and ginger), and meat.
Kimchi is one of the famous foods of Korea. Kimchi is pickled vegetables which contain vitamins A and C, thiamine, riboflavin, iron, calcium, carotene, etc. There are many types of kimchi including cabbage kimchi, string onion kimchi, cucumber kimchi, radish kimchi, and sesame kimchi.
=======
*********** 한국의 역사 (위키백과) ***** 한국의 역사
선사 시대
구석기 시대
신석기 시대
청동기 시대 ------
고조선 시대 기원전 2333년? ~
기원전 108년 단군조선
위만조선 진국 (기원전 4세기 ~ 기원전 2세기) ------
원삼국 시대 - 부여 (기원전 2세기 ~ 494년) 옥저 동예 삼한(마한 • 진한 • 변한) ------
삼국 시대 가야 (42년 ~ 562년) 고구려 (기원전 37년 ~ 668년) 백제 (기원전 18년 ~ 660년) 신라 (기원전 57년 ~ 676년) ------
남북국 시대 통일신라(676년 ~ 892년)
발해(698년 ~ 926년) ------
후삼국 시대 신라(892년 ~ 935년) 후백제(892년 ~ 936년)
태봉(901년 ~ 918년) ------
통일 왕조기 고려(918년 ~ 1392년)
조선(1392년 ~ 1897년)
대한제국(1897년 ~ 1910년) ------
식민지 시대 일제 강점기(1910년 ~ 1945년) ------
대한민국 임시 정부(1919년 ~ 1948년) ------
분단 한국 군정기(1945년 ~ 1948년)
대한민국(1948년 ~ 현재)
조선민주주의인민공화국(1948년 ~ 현재)
=====
1. 한국 기독교의 발자취
1) 기독교의 성장배경
19세기 말 조선에서 � 선교사들의 선교활동이 시작된 이후 한국 개신교는 세계의 주목을 끌만큼 놀랍게 성장해왔다. 오늘날 4명중에서 1명은 개신교 신자일 정도로 한국 개신교는 양적으로나 질적으로 많은 발전을 해왔다.
이와 같은 개신교의 성장배경에 대해서 다양한 논의들이 있지만, 이런 논의들은 당시 개신교가 처해 있던 사회적 상황을 중심으로 볼 때 좀더 쉽게 이해될 수 있다. 그 뿐만 아니라 사회적 맥락에서 개신교의 성장을 이해하면 개신교 성장의 원인을 서구 선교사들이나 개신교 지도자들의 공로로 돌리는 엘리트중심주의적인 주장도 극복할 수 있다. 또한 개신교 자체 내에 성장할 수 있는 무엇이 있었다는 주관적인 판단에 빠질 위험성도 막을 수 있다.
2) 도입기…교육과 의료를 통한 간접적 선교
한국 개신교의 역사는 19세기 중반까지 거슬러 올라가지만, 본격적인 개신교의 활동은 한국의 문호가 개방되는 과정에서 들어온 선교사들로부터 시작된다. 선교사들이 한국을 처음 방문했을 무렵에 선교의 자유가 보장된 것은 아니었다. 따라서 선교사들은 직접적으로 선교하기보다는 학교와 병원 등을 통해서 간접적으로 선교하는 방식을 선택했다.
1884년 미국 북감리회의 맥클레이(R. S. Maclay)는 고종을 만나 병원설립과 학교설립에 대한 허가를 받았다. 당시 조선정부는 서구의 근대문명을 필요로 했기 때문에 병원과 학교의 설립을 허가했지만, 이는 선교사들에게 선교의 가능성을 열어주었다. 1884년 9월 22일에는 중국에 있던 미국 북장로회 소속의 선교사 알렌(H. N. Allen)이 주한미국공사 공의로 부임하였고, 1885년 4월에는 최초의 근대병원인 제중원(濟衆院)이 설립되었다.
1885년 4월 5일에는 한국 최초의 개신교 선교사들인 미국 북감리회의 아펜젤러(Henry G. Appenzeller) 부부와 미국 북장로회의 언더우드(H. G. Underwood)가 인천에 도착했다. 하지만, 당시 외국의 종교는 배척되는 분위기였기 때문에 이들은 처음부터 개신교의 복음을 선교할 수 없었다. 그래서 언더우드는 한국에 온 직후 미국 공사에게 "우리는 교육사업을 시작하고 어학을 연구하려 왔습니다. 우리가 한국어 연구생이자 교육사업가로서 미국의 국기 아래 보호를 받을 수 있겠습니까?....지금은 선교사업이 아니라 교육사업을 시작하려는데 어떤지요?"라는 편지를 썼다. 언더우드의 편지에는 직접적인 선교활동이 아니라 학교교육과 병원 등을 통해 간접적으로 선교하려는 자세가 나타나있다.
아펜젤러는 1885년 8월에 '배재학당'을 세워 최초의 근대교육의 문을 열어 놓았다. 이 학교는 1887년 6월 8일 고종이 직접 '배재'(培材)란 이름을 지어주었을 만큼 세간의 주목을 끌었다. 또 다른 감리교 선교사인 스크랜턴(M. F. Scranton)은 1886년 5월 30일에 정동에 여학당을 설립했는데, 이 학교는 1887년 명성황후의 사명(賜名)으로 '이화학당'(梨花學堂)으로 불리게 되었다. 우리나라 근대식 고등교육의 출발은 1886년 4월 29일 제중원의 의학부로 개설된 후 1899년 정식 의학교로 발전된 세브란스의학교이다. 이 학교는 최초의 의학교인 동시에 고등교육 기관이었다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.
3) 선교초기…근대 문명의 산파 역할
개신교를 통해 유입된 근대문명은 유교적 가치관과 사회질서에 묶여 있던 당시 사람들에게 새로운 세계에 대한 자각을 불러 일으켰다. 가난과 기근, 전염병과 문맹의 악순환에서 조선정부와 관리들은 문제를 해결의 실마리를 찾을 수 없었다. 또한 조선정부는 시시각각으로 다가오는 서구와 일본 제국주의의 침략이라는 상황에 놓여 있었다.
이런 상황에서 근대문명을 안고 들어온 개신교가 한국사회에 미치는 영향과 당시 사람들에게 미친 파급효과는 강력할 수밖에 없었다. 선교초기의 개신교는 당시 사람들에게 종교라기보다는 근대문명의 산파로 생각되었다. 결국 개신교로 인해 도입된 근대문명은 한국사회와 문화체계를 변화시키는 하나의 계기를 제공했다. 이광수는 개신교에 대해서 "개신교는 어두운 한국사회에 구미의 새로운 문명을 제일 먼저 도입하여 문명개화와 자유인권의 선구자가 되었다"고 평가했다. 개신교는 봉건사회에서 양반에 의해 억눌렸던 상인, 천민, 여성들에게 인권, 자유와 평등의 관념을 제공했던 것이다.
4) 일제시대…민족독립과 계몽운동의 근원지
선교 초기의 개신교가 봉건사회를 근대문명으로 이행시키는 산파 역할을 함으로써 성장의 기초를 마련했다면, 오늘날의 개신교는 일제시대를 거쳐 한국전쟁과 산업화로 이어지는 과정에서 성장의 위기와 극복이라는 혼란을 겪으면서 생존력을 키워왔다고 볼 수 있다.
일제시대에 개신교는 민족독립과 계몽운동의 근원지였다. 3.1 독립운동을 기점으로 많은 한국교회의 지도자들이 독립운동에 참여했다. 또한 개신교는 학교교육과 교회, 그리고 여러 단체를 통해 계몽활동을 전개하여 대중교육과 근대지식인의 양성에 심혈을 기울였다. 특히 개신교는 사람들에게 한글을 가르쳐서 문맹률을 낮추었고, 역사의식을 고취시켜 자칫 일제하에서 상실되기 쉬운 문화적 정체성의 유지에 기여했다.
5) 해방기…교세확장의 기회와 특권 획득
일제의 강압에 못 이겨 신사참배에 동조하고, 일본 정부의 통제 아래 단일한 교단으로 부속되는 위기 상황 속에서 개신교는 해방과 함께 새로운 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 종교문화의 측면에서 볼 때, 개신교는 그 동안 계몽과 근대의 깃발을 휘두르며 전통종교와 민간신앙과 긴장관계를 형성해왔다. 많은 민간신앙을 미신과 사이비종교라고 비판하는 동시에 전통종교가 근대화에 적응하지 못했던 ??
- 이전글**World Time 세계시간-세계 달력- 세계기후 **한국양력/움력달력 **세계공항지도 25.04.22
- 다음글Electric car List of Hybrid Vehicles 세계 전기차순위 -*중국 BYD 미국 테슬라 24.12.24
댓글목록
등록된 댓글이 없습니다.