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========== What is the future for DNA? DNA Profiling of the Future Detecting and building profiles from degraded or smaller DNA samples, such as touch DNA, continues to become increasingly feasible. Innovations in the field are leading to faster, cheaper, and more accessible methods, greatly enhancing the ability to extract valuable genetic information.Jul 18, 2023 What is the future of DNA computing? DNA computers offer more durable and dense information storage, but their potential goes beyond that by using enzymes and cellular machinery. Research into DNA computers could shed light on the functioning of living organisms, even if this technology is still not fully developed.Sep 18, 2024 Overview What if a single number, derived from your DNA, could predict your income, education level or even who you're likely to marry? In his new book “The Social Genome,” Princeton University sociologist Dalton Conley explores the science behind how our genes are shaping our society in ways that are both profound and unsettling. === Can your DNA predict your future?, with Dalton Conley University of Chicago News Apr 17, 2025 — Sociologist examines how genetic science could forecast your income, education and love life. Conley explains how our genes, and the genes of those around us, are influencing our lives in ways we barely understand—from fertility clinics selecting embryos based on genetic traits to the rise of “genetic sorting” in everything from dating to zip codes. He also debunks the idea of nature versus nurture, revealing how deeply intertwined they truly are. Are we heading toward a future of genetically coded inequality? And what policies and conversations are urgently needed to ensure we don’t cross the line from science into dystopia? Dalton Conley: People, they never heard of it before. They’re so fascinated by the idea that there’s this score that can predict their outcomes based on their genes. Paul Rand: You may think of genetics as something that determines your height, your eye color, or maybe even your health risks, but what if I told you that your genes could predict so much more about your future? Dalton Conley: Genetic prediction has been moving forward at a very fast clip. Paul Rand: That’s Dalton Conley, a professor of sociology and the author of a new book, The Social Genome, which explores how something called polygenic scores, essentially prediction algorithms based on your genes, are allowing us to estimate with disturbing accuracy things about your life that blur the line between reality and science fiction. Dalton Conley: Things like how much money you make as an adult or how far you go in school. Paul Rand: Once you start to dig into the science, it can honestly be a bit shocking. Some studies find that variations in genes can not only predict your future income, but on a societal level, explain 58% of the variations in income in males and 46% in females. That means our genetic differences may explain about half of where we end up on the income ladder. Dalton Conley: I’m surprised that people are surprised by that because if you think about it, nobody’s that shocked that height has a genetic component or that your immune system maybe has a genetic component or any other attribute that’s about you physically might have a genetic component. But then the moment we get to brains, people all of a sudden think, “Oh, there’s no genetic component.” Paul Rand: What’s fascinating and a bit alarming isn’t just what our genes tell us about ourselves, but what they reveal about our society. Dalton Conley: There’s a number of surprises, like how much we’re sorting on our genes in society. Paul Rand: We’re sorting ourselves into genetic silos. We marry, socialize, and even choose where we live based partly on our genetic predispositions. Dalton Conley: Unbeknownst to ourselves and what that means for future generations where we’re going to be separating out not just socially but genetically. Paul Rand: Could this lead us down a path toward deeply entrenched inequality, one that’s literally coded into our DNA? Dalton Conley: Genetic sorting is going on in society in terms of marriages, in terms of friendships, in terms of literally where we move and live. And now we are having more and more babies being born that have been polygenically selected. So yet we’ve had almost no discussion about talk about AI. We talk about gene editing, but we have not talked about genetic prediction as a revolutionary technology, and I think that conversation is what’s scary to people. Paul Rand: One way out of this dilemma takes us back to one of science’s most foundational debates. You’ve all heard this, nature versus nurture Dalton Conley: The idea that for some outcome, cognitive ability or personality type, that is partly determined by just the genes you inherited from your family and partly determined by the environments that you encounter in your life, the random environments. And what I show in the book, The Social Genome, is that the whole question is misguided. So there’s been in the last 50 plus years, thousands of studies of twins, comparing fraternal and identical twins to see, which gives you a way to back out how much is “nature” and how much is “nurture.” And a recent paper meta-analyzed all of those, looked at all the studies, thousands of studies on hundreds, if not thousands, of traits. And the median or average heritability, meaning the nature side across all those traits was 49%, and 51% was environmental. Paul Rand: We can’t control the genes that we’re born with, but we can shape the environment in which those genes express themselves. Conley’s research reveals something profound. It’s not just nature versus nurture, but how deeply interconnected the two of them are. Dalton Conley: There’s no nature versus nurture. They’re really integrated. How your genes matter depends on the environment. How the environment matters depends on your genes, Paul Rand: Change the environment and we may change how our genes impact our lives. Change how they impact our lives and we may be changing society. And getting a grip on what changes we want to make is going to become crucial because these genetic prediction techniques are arriving faster and faster whether we’re ready or not. Dalton Conley: In terms of the applications of the science, whether or not they’re dubious or not, whether or not they merit getting out into the world, yet I’m sure they are going to get out. Paul Rand: From the University of Chicago Podcast Network, welcome to Big Brains, where we explore the groundbreaking research and the discoveries that are transforming our world. I’m your host Paul Rand. Join me as we meet the minds behind the breakthroughs on today’s episode, what genomics is telling us about how to shape our society. The University of Chicago Leadership and Society Initiative guides accomplished executive leaders in transitioning from their longstanding careers into purposeful on-court chapters of leadership for society. The initiative is currently accepting candidates for its second cohort of fellows. Your next chapter matters for you and for society. Learn more about this unique fellowship experience at leadforsociety.uchicago.edu. Al, right, and for us to really understand this, the basic concept I think we’ve got to get our arms around is this idea of the polygenic index. Help me understand what that actually is and why it matters to this discussion. ============ ==============